Flexible Ureteroscopy Versus ESWL in the Management of Lower Calyceal Stones

Flexible Ureteroscopy Versus ESWL in the Management of Lower Calyceal Stones: A Prospective Randomized Study

to assess safety, efficacy of Flexible ureteroscopy (FURS) holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy (LL) compared to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy (ESWL) in management of lower calyceal stones (LC) stones.

to assess stone free rate, number of sessions and complications of flexible ureteroscopy holmium:YAG laser lithotripsy compared to extracorporeal shockwave lithotripsy in the management of lower calyceal stones less than 2 cm in size.

Inclusion Criteria:

• unilateral
• radiopaque stone(s)
• < 2 cm
• located in the lower calyx.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Bleeding tendency
• distal obstruction
• Anomalies of the urinary tract
• Solitary kidney