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The purpose of this study is to determine whether the modulation of dietary lipids are effective in the treatment of obesity and comorbidities.
Obesity is a complex disease of multifactorial etiology and difficult to control. Among lifestyle changes proposed to the treatment of this disease and comorbidities, there is the modulation of dietary lipid composition. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the modulation of fatty acid (FA) polyunsaturated (PUFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) in energy expenditure (EE), weight loss, body composition, lipid and glycemic profile, free fatty acids (FFA), glycerol, adiponectin, leptin, blood pressure (BP), feeding behavior and expression of PPARĪ± and PPARĪ³2 genes in adipose tissue (AT) of obese women. It was conducted a parallel, randomized, controlled, single-blind study with dietary intervention (DI) for 60 days, where 32 women with obesity classes I and II were distributed into three groups: G1 = diet rich in n-3 PUFA and n-6 (n = 10); G2 = MUFA-rich diet (n = 11); and G3 = control (n = 11). For G1 and G2 were prescribed normocaloric diets with similar macronutrient composition, varying only the type of lipids offered. In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, both groups received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner (G1 = mix of virgin olive oil [VOO] and soybean oil [SO], overall of 35.2g to 52.8g / day; G2 = VOO, overall of 35.2g to 50.6 g / day), besides gelatin capsules (G1 = 2 g of fish oil / day; G2 = 1 capsule of 1g of SO / day). G3 was instructed to keep their eating habits and consuming placebos (1 sachet of 2g of SO and 1 capsule of 1g of SO / day).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 - diet rich in n-3 and n-6 PUFA | Experimental | Assigned intervention: The dietary intervention was conducted by 60 days. Were prescribed normocaloric diets with similar macronutrient composition, varying only the type of lipids offered. Group 1 received diet rich in n-3 and n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). The volunteers were asked to consume daily a mixture of virgin olive oil and soybean oil, totaling 35.2g to 52.8g, and 2 g of fish oil. |
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| Group 2 - diet rich in MUFA | Experimental | Assigned intervention: The dietary intervention was conducted by 60 days. Were prescribed normocaloric diets with similar macronutrient composition, varying only the type of lipids offered. Group 2 received diet rich in monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA). The volunteers were asked to consume daily virgin olive oil, totaling 35.2g to 50.6g, and 1 capsule of 1g of soybean oil. |
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| Group 3 - Placebo group | Experimental | Placebo group was instructed to keep their eating habits and consuming 1 sachet of 2g of soybean oil and 1 capsule of 1g of soybean oil by day. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Group 1 - diet rich in n-3 and n-6 PUFA | Dietary Supplement | In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, the group received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner, besides gelatin capsules, for 60 days. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Compare the effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in energy expenditure of obese women | The energy expenditure was evaluated by indirect calorimetry (Vmax Encore 29 SystemsĀ®) | Change from baseline energy expenditure at 2 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in body weight of obese women | Change from baseline loss of body weight at 2 months | |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in body composition of obese women | The body composition was evaluated by electrical bioimpedance |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eliane L Rosado, Doctor | UFRJ | Study Director |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16516300 | Background | Ailhaud G, Massiera F, Weill P, Legrand P, Alessandri JM, Guesnet P. Temporal changes in dietary fats: role of n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids in excessive adipose tissue development and relationship to obesity. Prog Lipid Res. 2006 May;45(3):203-36. doi: 10.1016/j.plipres.2006.01.003. Epub 2006 Feb 10. | |
| 21903140 | Background |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005229 | Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005231 | Fatty Acids, Unsaturated |
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D008055 | Lipids |
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| Group 2 - diet rich in MUFA | Dietary Supplement | In order to achieve the desired intake of unsaturated FA, the group received individual portions of vegetable oils in the form of sachets, which were consumed for lunch and dinner, besides gelatin capsules, for 60 days. |
|
| Group 3 - Placebo group | Dietary Supplement | Placebo group was instructed to keep their eating habits and consuming placebo for 60 days. |
|
| Change from baseline body composition at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in feeding behavior of obese women | Feeding behavior was evaluated by Three Factor Eating Questionnaire | Change from baseline feeding behavior at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in gene expression of obese women | Gene expression of PPARĪ± and PPARĪ³2 in adipose tissue | Change from baseline gene expression at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in blood glucose of obese women | Change from baseline blood glucose at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in blood insulin of obese women | Change from baseline blood insulin at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in insulin resistance of obese women | Insulin resistance was evaluated by Homeostasis Model Assessment | Change from baseline insulin resistance at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in insulin sensitivity of obese women | Insulin resistance was evaluated by Quantitative Insulin Sensitivity Check Index | Change from baseline insulin sensitivity at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in total cholesterol and fractions of obese women | total cholesterol and fractions and triglycerides | Change from baseline total cholesterol and fractions at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in adiponectin of obese women | serum adiponectin | Change from baseline adiponectin at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in leptin of obese women | serum leptin | Change from baseline leptin at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in TNF alpha of obese women | serum TNF alpha | Change from baseline TNF alpha at 2 months |
| Effects of modulation of PUFA and MUFA in interleukin 6 of obese women | serum interleukin 6 | Change from baseline interleukin 6 at 2 months |
| Barson JR, Karatayev O, Gaysinskaya V, Chang GQ, Leibowitz SF. Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on food intake, triglycerides, and hypothalamic peptides. Regul Pept. 2012 Jan 10;173(1-3):13-20. doi: 10.1016/j.regpep.2011.08.012. Epub 2011 Sep 6. |
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| 16552404 | Background | Krebs JD, Browning LM, McLean NK, Rothwell JL, Mishra GD, Moore CS, Jebb SA. Additive benefits of long-chain n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and weight-loss in the management of cardiovascular disease risk in overweight hyperinsulinaemic women. Int J Obes (Lond). 2006 Oct;30(10):1535-44. doi: 10.1038/sj.ijo.0803309. Epub 2006 Mar 21. |
| 24363161 | Background | Krishnan S, Cooper JA. Effect of dietary fatty acid composition on substrate utilization and body weight maintenance in humans. Eur J Nutr. 2014 Apr;53(3):691-710. doi: 10.1007/s00394-013-0638-z. Epub 2013 Dec 22. |
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| 38216647 | Derived | Lopes MCODS, Kaippert VC, Crovesy L, de Carvalho DP, Rosado EL. Monounsaturated fat-rich diet reduces body adiposity in women with obesity, but does not influence energy expenditure and substrate oxidation: a parallel randomized controlled clinical trial. Eur J Clin Nutr. 2024 Apr;78(4):335-343. doi: 10.1038/s41430-024-01401-3. Epub 2024 Jan 12. |
| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |