The aberrant expression of micro-RNAs (miRNAs) has been described in many human diseases, including schizophrenia (SZ). The previous work has indicated a strong genetic association between the miRNA-30e precursor (pre-miR-30e) and the risk of SZ. However, to date, few reports have focused on the expression level of the miR-30 family (miR-30s) and its networks of co-regulation in SZ, even in response to antipsychotic treatment. Given this, the investigator first constructed a hybrid miRNA-TF (transcription factor)-gene-PPI (protein-protein interactions) network focusing on miR-30s by bioinformatics technology. The investigator then selected several candidate miR-30s and key regulators for further validation. These candidates were then quantified by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) in an independent cohort of 200 healthy controls and 200 drug-free SZ patients, among which were followed up by 12-week antipsychotic treatment. Furthermore, the investigator evaluated the correlation between the change in gene expression and the improvement of symptoms.

Schizophrenia is one of the most serious mental disorder，which is characterized by high prevalence rate ,high recurrence rate, could increase patients' disability and burden of disease. But the pathological mechanism is so far unknown. Until recently, more attention are focused on gene dysregulation hypothesis. The preliminary works of our laboratory prompted that microRNA-30e gene polymorphism and expression abnormal may be related to schizophrenia. Combined with previous studies showed that miRNA disorder involved in neurodevelopmental obstacle and neuropsychiatric disease, the investigators surmised: miR-30e dysregulation can impact the occurrence and development of schizophrenia. This study will carry on the multidimensional research by using the technology of neurobiology, molecular genetics,neuroimaging and so on, and integrate methods of molecular, cell, animal and human body tracking, so as to:(1) Explaining the transcription and regulation mechanisms of target genes of miR-30e,and building the gene regulatory network of schizophrenia as the core of miR-30e.(2)To investigate the pathogenesis of miR-30e participate in schizophrenia, and to evaluate the clinical value of miR-30e in peripheral blood on the disease diagnose, genotyping, predicting efficacy and ending. The object of this study is to provide new scientific data and research ideas for further exploring the neurobiological basis of schizophrenia, and recognize pathophysiological mechanisms of schizophrenia, ultimately to improve and strengthen the new situation in schizophrenia prevention.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Unrelated Han Chinese recruited from the north of China.
• Drug-free for at least one month before enrollment.
• Clinical diagnosis of schizophrenia according to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Fourth Edition (DSM-IV) criteria for SZ (American Psychiatric Association, 1994), relying on the Chinese Version of the Modified Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV TR Axis I Disorders Patient Edition (SCID-I/P,11/2002 revision).

Exclusion Criteria:

• Pregnant or had significant medical conditions.
• Unstable psychiatric features (e.g., suicidal feelings).
• A history of substance abuse or drug addiction within the previous 6 months, with the exception of nicotine dependence.
• Other Axis I co-morbid disorders were not excluded.