This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

Number and type of adverse events related to the intervention.

8 participants completed the 6-month intervention

Number of participants who participate in the study for the full 6 month program.

Descriptive summary of participants' reports from closing interview of what they like and do not like about the program, any challenges they experienced with doing the program, and whether they plan to continue what they learned.

Participant will record occurrence of falls on a monthly falls calendar. Number of falls over the 6 month program will be calculated.

Participant will record whether the fall resulted in an injury and the type of injury that occurred. A fall will be considered severe if an injury occurred.

This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

This is 14 item scale that measures balance among older adults. The participant attempts to complete 14 different balance tests (e.g., stand unsupported with eyes closed, pick up object from floor from standing position), closely supervised by a physical therapist to prevent fall or injury. The test takes no more than 15 minutes to complete and a total score is calculated of 0-56 (high fall risk to low fall risk).

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Four timed static balance tasks of increasing difficulty are completed without assistive devices: 1) feet together stand for up to 10 seconds; 2) semi-tandem stand (heel of one foot placed to the side of the big toe of the other foot) for up to 10 seconds; 3) tandem stand (one foot in front of the other, heel touching toe) for up to 10 seconds; and 4) one leg stand for up to 30 seconds. Time for each test is recorded in seconds. If the participant cannot achieve a task, this is recorded as 0 seconds.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant squeezes hand dynamometer with maximum strength, and force is recorded in kgs.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant rises from chair to full standing position and sits back down as quickly as possible for 30 seconds. Number of completed sit to stand to sit maneuvers is recorded.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant stands up from chair, walks 3 meters, turns around, walks back to chair, and sits down. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

Participant ascends and descends 3 stairs as quickly as possible in a safe manner, using handrail and walking aid if needed. Time to complete task is recorded in seconds.

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

This questionnaire include 5 questions about knee or hip pain, 2 questions about knee or hip stiffness, and 17 questions about difficulty with performing daily activities that involve the lower body. Each item is scored from 0-4 (none, slight, moderate, severe, and extreme). A total score is calculated by summing the item scores and ranges from 0 (no problems) to 96 (extreme problems).

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participant reports level of confidence in doing an activity without losing balance or becoming unsteady on a scale of 0-100%. The ratings are totaled and divided by 16 (the number of items) to calculate a total score.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

Participants are asked to identify from a list of 7 items which one accurately describes their current level of aerobic physical activity. Participants who identify with items 6 or 7 are considered active. Those who identify with items 1-5 are considered to have suboptimal aerobic physical activity levels.

Sedentary:

1. I rarely or never do any physical activities.

   Under-active:

2. I do some light or moderate physical activities, but not every week.

   Under-active regular - light activities:

3. I do some light physical activity every week.

   Under-active regular:

4. I do moderate physical activities every week, but less than 30 minutes a day or 5 days a week.

5. I do vigorous physical activities every week, but less than 20 minutes a day or 3 days a week.

   Active:

6. I do 30 minutes or more a day of moderate physical activities, 5 or more days a week.

7. I do 20 minutes or more a day of vigorous physical activities, 3 or more days a week.

Participant fell during Month 4 when she got up to go to bathroom during the middle of the night. Her blood pressure dropped and she felt faint; she slid slowly to the floor but was not injured.

The participant fell during Month 4 when she tripped over a vine in her yard. She was not injured.

The participant injured his hips lifting a wheelchair prior to the Week 4 visit and withdrew from the study because of this injury (which was not related to the study).