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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| University of Bergen | OTHER |
| University of Oslo | OTHER |
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In order to reduce cardiovascular risk, current European guidelines recommend a diet low on saturated fatty acid through replacement with polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA). Polyunsaturated fatty acids can be classified into omega-3 and omega-6. However the results from recent meta-analyses investigating coronary risk outcomes did not clearly support a low intake of saturated fatty acids and a high intake of omega-3 or omega-6. The aim of this study is to investigate the short term effects of a high intake of PUFAs on microvascular function, lipids, inflammation and other cardiovascular risk factors in inactive patients with increased waistline.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 fatty acid | Experimental | Omega-3 fatty acids for 8 weeks, dosage are 3 and 4 g/day for women and men, respectively. |
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| Omega-6 fatty acid | Experimental | Omega-6 fatty acids for 8 weeks, dosage are 20 and 27 g/day for women and men, respectively. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Omega-3 Fatty Acid | Dietary Supplement | Experimental: Omega-3 fatty acid In the intervention period the participants will receive a daily supplement of omega-3 fatty acids for 8 weeks, where the dosage are 3 and 4 g/day for women and men, respectively. The omega-3 supplement is a hydrolyzed and reesterified TAG fish oil, containing 33 area percent eicosapentaenoic acid and 22 area percent docosahexaenoic acid. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in lipid profile | High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), total cholesterol and triglycerides (TG) will be measured in plasma/serum (mmol/L). | Measured at baseline and after 8 weeks |
| Changes in particle concentrations of lipoproteins of different sizes | Particle concentration (nmol/L) of lipoprotein of different sizes will be calculated from the measured amplitude of their spectroscopically lipid methyl group NMR signals. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in lipoprotein particle sizes | Lipoprotein particle size (nm) analysis will be performed by proton nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. The size will be derived from the sum of diameter of each subclass multiplied by its relative mass percentage based on its methyl NMR signal. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in body composition | Body composition will be measured by bioelectrical impedance (InBody 720). | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in body weight | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Espen Rostrup, MD PhD | Haukeland University Hospital, Department of Heart Disease | Principal Investigator |
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 37404855 | Derived | Laupsa-Borge J, Grytten E, Bohov P, Bjorndal B, Strand E, Skorve J, Nordrehaug JE, Berge RK, Rostrup E, Mellgren G, Dankel SN, Nygard OK. Sex-specific responses in glucose-insulin homeostasis and lipoprotein-lipid components after high-dose supplementation with marine n-3 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: a randomized double-blind crossover study. Front Nutr. 2023 Jun 19;10:1020678. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1020678. eCollection 2023. | |
| 33933722 |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015525 | Fatty Acids, Omega-3 |
| D004281 | Docosahexaenoic Acids |
| D005395 | Fish Oils |
| D043371 | Fatty Acids, Omega-6 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D004042 | Dietary Fats, Unsaturated |
| D004041 | Dietary Fats |
| D005223 | Fats |
| D008055 | Lipids |
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| Omega-6 Fatty Acid | Dietary Supplement | Experimental: Omega-6 fatty acid In the intervention period the participants will receive a daily supplement of omega-6 fatty acid for 8 weeks, where the dosage are 20 and 27 g/day for women and men, respectively. The omega-6 supplement is a high-quality organic, cold pressed and filtered safflower oil, containing 68-83% linoleic acid, 5-15% saturated fatty acid, 8-21% oleic acid, 0,0-0,5% ALA and maximum 2% other fatty acids. |
|
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| Changes in waist and hip circumference | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in circulating markers of inflammation, also including adipokines and kynurenine | Inflammatory markers and adipokines will be measured in serum/plasma, e.g tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukins, macrophage inflammatory protein 1-α (MIP-1-α) and granulocyte-macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF). | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in markers of inflammation in adipose tissue | Inflammatory markers like TNF-α, interleukins, GM-CSF and adiponectin in will be measured in adipose tissue (pg/mg tissue). | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in one carbon metabolites | Choline, betaine and related metabolites and B-vitamins involved in 1-carbon metabolism. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in microbiota | Bacterial DNA in stool samples will be subjected to high-throughput barcode multiplex sequencing of the 16s ribosomal RNA gene (rRNA). | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in endothelial function | Vascular reactivity index (VRI) will be measured by monitoring fingertip temperature changes during a reactive hyperemia protocol. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in carnitine and metabolites | Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), carnitine, acylcarnitines and fatty acids will be measured in serum/plasma. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in gene expression in adipose tissue | Gene expression in adipose tissue will be measured by microarray and quantitative PCR. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in amino acids | Amino acids, methylated amino acids and metabolites will be measured in serum/plasma. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in gene expression i whole blood | Gene expression in full blood will be measured by quantitative PCR. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Changes in apolipoproteins | Apolipoproteins A1, A2, B, C2, C3 and E will be measured in serum by a multiplex kit. | Measured at baseline and week 8 |
| Derived |
| Grytten E, Laupsa-Borge J, Bohov P, Bjorndal B, Strand E, Skorve J, Nordrehaug JE, Berge RK, Rostrup E, Mellgren G, Dankel SN, Nygard OK. Changes in lipoprotein particle subclasses, standard lipids, and apolipoproteins after supplementation with n-3 or n-6 PUFAs in abdominal obesity: A randomized double-blind crossover study. Clin Nutr. 2021 May;40(5):2556-2575. doi: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.03.040. Epub 2021 Apr 3. |
| D005231 |
| Fatty Acids, Unsaturated |
| D005227 | Fatty Acids |
| D009821 | Oils |