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Aim: To investigate the glucagonostatic effect of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) independent of the gastric emptying rate.
Aim: To investigate the glucagonostatic effects of glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) during prolonged and intermittent stimulation of the GLP-1 receptor independent of the gastric emptying rate. Glucagon concentrations will be measured following a liquid meal administered in duodenum at baseline and after exenatide, and liraglutide treatment.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide + Liquid meal test | Experimental | Liraglutide 1.2 mg once daily for 14 days (0.6 mg/day for one week, escalated to 1.2 mg/day after one week) |
|
| Exenatide + Liquid meal test | Experimental | Exenatide 10 mcg twice daily for 14 days (5 mcg twice daily for one week, escalated to 10 mcg twice daily after one week) |
|
| Baseline + Liquid meal test | Other | Baseline day with no additional medication |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Liraglutide | Drug |
| ||
| Exenatide |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Glucagon concentration (postprandial) | glucagon area under the curve (AUC) (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Postprandial glucose concentrations | glucose AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) | GLP-1 AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003922 | Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000069450 | Liraglutide |
| D000077270 | Exenatide |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D052216 | Glucagon-Like Peptide 1 |
| D004763 | Glucagon-Like Peptides |
| D052336 | Proglucagon |
| D005768 | Gastrointestinal Hormones |
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|
| Liquid meal test | Procedure |
|
| No drug (Baseline day) | Other |
|
| 4 hours |
| glucagon-like peptide-2 (GLP-2) | GLP-2 AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) | GIP AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Cholecystokinin (CCK) | CCKAUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Peptide YY (PYY) | PYY AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Ghrelin | Ghrelin AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Gastrin | Gastrin AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Oxyntomodulin | Oxyntomodulin AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| Free fatty acids (FFA) | FFA AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| triacylglycerol (TAG) | TAG AUC (0-240 minutes) and baseline to peak increments will be calculated | 4 hours |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D001327 | Autoimmune Diseases |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |
| D006728 |
| Hormones |
| D006730 | Hormones, Hormone Substitutes, and Hormone Antagonists |
| D010455 | Peptides |
| D000602 | Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins |
| D014688 | Venoms |
| D045424 | Complex Mixtures |
| D014118 | Toxins, Biological |
| D001685 | Biological Factors |