This study is designed to determine the efficacy and safety of allogeneic bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells in kidney transplantation from Chinese donation after citizen's death (DCD). A pair uremia patients receiving kidney grafts from a same donor are randomized into two groups: MSCs group and control group. Besides routine induction therapy (ATG or Basiliximab) and maintenance immunosuppressive drugs (low-dose Tacrolimus + MPA + prednisone), patients in MSCs group are administered MSCs treatment (1*10^6/kg). Allogeneic bone marrow-derived MSCs (1*10^6/kg) are given intravenously at day 0 (post renal reperfusion during surgery), day 7, day 14 and day 21. The renal allograft function, rejection, patient/graft survival and severe adverse events within 12 months post-transplant are monitored.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Primary kidney transplantation
2. Receiving induction therapy and combined immunosuppressive regimens (CNIs + MPA + steroids)
3. Patient is willing and capable of giving written informed consent for study participation and able to participate in the study for 12 months

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Secondary kidney transplantation
2. Combined or multi-organ transplantation
3. Women who are pregnant, intend to become pregnant in the next 1 years, breastfeeding, or have a positive pregnancy test on enrollment or prior to study medication administration
4. Panel reactive antibody (PRA)>20%
5. CDC crossmatch is positive
6. Donors or recipients are known hepatitis C antibody-positive or polymerase chain reaction (PCR) positive for hepatitis C
7. Donors or recipients are known hepatitis B surface antigen-positive or PCR positive for hepatitis B
8. Donors or recipients are known human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection
9. Patients with active infection
10. Recipients with a history of substance abuse (drugs or alcohol) within the past 6 months, or psychotic disorders that are not capable with adequate study follow-up.
11. Patients with severe cardiovascular dysfunction
12. WBC<3*10^9/L or RBC <5g/dL
13. Highly allergic constitution or having severe history of allergies.
14. Patients with active peptic ulcer disease, chronic diarrhea, or gastrointestinal problem affect absorption
15. Patients with a history of cancer within the last 5 years
16. Prisoner or patients compulsorily detained (involuntarily incarcerated) for treatment or either a psychiatric or physical (e.g. infectious disease) illness