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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| THIM - die internationale Hochschule für Physiotherapie | OTHER |
| Vrije Universiteit Brussel | OTHER |
| Universiteit Antwerpen | OTHER |
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This study investigates the effects of cooling on the recovery and performance characteristic in young healthy subjects. The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: investigates the effects of 20 min. post-exercise cooling on vertical jump performance and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
Project B: investigates the effects of 20 min. pre-exercise cooling on maximal voluntary contraction of the right M. quadriceps femoris and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion.
The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of a 20 min. external cooling application (+8°C ) versus a external thermo neutral application (+32°C) up to 72 hours post application.
The study is divided in two projects:
Project A: This study is focusing on the recovery process after a max. jump performance (3x30 counter movement jumps). Directly after the exercise subjects receive a cooling or thermo-neutral application. Recovery characteristics measured by vertical jump performance (objective) and delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post cooling intervention.
Project B: This study is focusing on the effect of 20 min. cooling or thermo-neutral application on the M. quadriceps femoris performance (MVC). After the thermo-application, the 60% endurance MVC is measured by means of surface EMG (OT Bioelettronica 10-750 Hz) in a ergometer chair 90° degrees knee flexion (Cor 1 Bioelettronica). Muscle conduction velocity, MVC (objective), delayed onset muscle soreness and rated perceived exertion (subjective) are measured in function of time up to 72 hours post thermo-application.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| cooling intervention | Experimental | subjects in this study receive a single pre-exercise (3x MVC) or post-exercise intervention (3x 30 counter movement jumps), consisting of an external cooling application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Both interventions have a duration of 20 minutes and a temperature of 8°C |
|
| thermoneutral intervention | Sham Comparator | subjects in the control group receive a single pre-exercise (3x MVC) or post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) applied to both thighs. Both sham interventions have a duration of 20 minutes and a temperature of 32°C. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Zamar Therapy CT clinic | Device | Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) | The subjective recovery characteristics "Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)" was rated on a 0-10 cm visual analog scale. DOMS was assessed in a squat position (90° knee angle, with brief holding of maximum 3 seconds) ranging from zero (no soreness) to ten (severe soreness). Higher values mean mean more DOMS and therefore less recovery. | 72 hours |
| Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) | The subjective recovery characteristics " Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)" was rated on a 6-20 Borg scale (from 6 = "no exertion at all" to 20 = "Maximal exertion") in a standing position. The higher value means more exertion and therefore less recovery. | 72 hours |
| Vertical Jump Performance (VJP) | Vertical jump performance (VJP) was assessed performing three maximal counter mouvemet jumps (CMJs) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA). The highest jump was recorded. | 72 hours |
| Peak Power Output (PPO) | Peak power output (PPO) was assessed performing three maximal counter movement jumps (CMJs) on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps. PPO (presented in watts) was calculated. | 72 hours |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ron Clijsen, PhD | University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland SUPSI | Landquart | Kanton Graubünden | 7302 | Switzerland |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22336838 | Background | Bleakley C, McDonough S, Gardner E, Baxter GD, Hopkins JT, Davison GW. Cold-water immersion (cryotherapy) for preventing and treating muscle soreness after exercise. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2012 Feb 15;2012(2):CD008262. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD008262.pub2. | |
| 20508537 | Background | Ross ML, Garvican LA, Jeacocke NA, Laursen PB, Abbiss CR, Martin DT, Burke LM. Novel precooling strategy enhances time trial cycling in the heat. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2011 Jan;43(1):123-33. doi: 10.1249/MSS.0b013e3181e93210. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Zamar thermotherapy | View source |
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Twenty-four participants wanted to take part in this study. Two participants had to be excluded due to current pain symptoms.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Single Cooling Intervention | subjects in this study receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) recovery intervention, consisting of a 20 minutes external cooling application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 8°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
| FG001 | Single Thermoneutral Intervention | subjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 32°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Single Cooling Intervention | subjects in this study receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) recovery intervention, consisting of a 20 minutes external cooling application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 8°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Delayed-onset Muscle Soreness (DOMS) | The subjective recovery characteristics "Delayed-onset muscle soreness (DOMS)" was rated on a 0-10 cm visual analog scale. DOMS was assessed in a squat position (90° knee angle, with brief holding of maximum 3 seconds) ranging from zero (no soreness) to ten (severe soreness). Higher values mean mean more DOMS and therefore less recovery. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 72 hours |
|
From Baseline up to 72 hours
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Single Cooling Intervention | subjects in this study receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) recovery intervention, consisting of a 20 minutes external cooling application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 8°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Erich Hohenauer | University of Applied Sciences and Arts of Southern Switzerland (SUPSI) | +41813000175 | erich.hohenauer@supsi.ch |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Feb 13, 2015 | Sep 30, 2025 | Prot_SAP_000.pdf |
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| 21170794 | Result | Ascensao A, Leite M, Rebelo AN, Magalhaes S, Magalhaes J. Effects of cold water immersion on the recovery of physical performance and muscle damage following a one-off soccer match. J Sports Sci. 2011 Feb;29(3):217-25. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2010.526132. |
| 20524715 | Result | Banfi G, Lombardi G, Colombini A, Melegati G. Whole-body cryotherapy in athletes. Sports Med. 2010 Jun 1;40(6):509-17. doi: 10.2165/11531940-000000000-00000. |
| 16937953 | Result | Barnett A. Using recovery modalities between training sessions in elite athletes: does it help? Sports Med. 2006;36(9):781-96. doi: 10.2165/00007256-200636090-00005. |
| 21445604 | Result | Pointon M, Duffield R, Cannon J, Marino FE. Cold application for neuromuscular recovery following intense lower-body exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol. 2011 Dec;111(12):2977-86. doi: 10.1007/s00421-011-1924-1. Epub 2011 Mar 29. |
| 22642829 | Result | Wegmann M, Faude O, Poppendieck W, Hecksteden A, Frohlich M, Meyer T. Pre-cooling and sports performance: a meta-analytical review. Sports Med. 2012 Jul 1;42(7):545-64. doi: 10.2165/11630550-000000000-00000. |
| 24004719 | Result | White GE, Wells GD. Cold-water immersion and other forms of cryotherapy: physiological changes potentially affecting recovery from high-intensity exercise. Extrem Physiol Med. 2013 Sep 1;2(1):26. doi: 10.1186/2046-7648-2-26. |
| BG001 | Single Thermoneutral Intervention | subjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 32°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Race (NIH/OMB) | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Single Thermoneutral Intervention |
subjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 32°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) |
|
|
| Primary | Ratings of Perceived Exertion (RPE) | The subjective recovery characteristics " Ratings of perceived exertion (RPE)" was rated on a 6-20 Borg scale (from 6 = "no exertion at all" to 20 = "Maximal exertion") in a standing position. The higher value means more exertion and therefore less recovery. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 72 hours |
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| Primary | Vertical Jump Performance (VJP) | Vertical jump performance (VJP) was assessed performing three maximal counter mouvemet jumps (CMJs) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA). The highest jump was recorded. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | height in centimeter | 72 hours |
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| Primary | Peak Power Output (PPO) | Peak power output (PPO) was assessed performing three maximal counter movement jumps (CMJs) on the Just Jump system (Probotics Inc, Huntsville, AL, USA) with a 30-second pause between the three jumps. PPO (presented in watts) was calculated. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | Watt | 72 hours |
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| 0 |
| 11 |
| 0 |
| 11 |
| 0 |
| 11 |
| EG001 | Single Thermoneutral Intervention | subjects in the control group receive a single post-exercise (3x 30 counter movement jumps) sham intervention, consisting of a 20 minute external thermoneutral application (Zamar Therapy CT clinic) of 32°C applied to both thighs. Zamar Therapy CT clinic: Zamar Therapy is a certified medical product (directive 93/42/EEC and ISO 134 85:2012) (www.zamarmedical.com) | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 | 0 | 11 |
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| 24 hours |
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| 48 hours |
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| 72 hours |
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| 24 hours |
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| 48 hours |
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| 72 hours |
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| 24 hours |
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| 48 hours |
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| 72 hours |
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