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Many anesthesiologists use the Remifentanil for reducing a surgical pain and stabilizing a vital sign. However, this drug induce postoperative hyperalgesia. Nowadays, many studies report that low-dose Ketamine prevents the opioid-induces hyperalgesia. Nefopam,which is non-opioid analgesic, has similar mechanism with Ketamine. It will be helpful for postoperative pain control, and reduce the needs of opioid.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Nefopam | Active Comparator | The generic name is 'ACUPAN'. It is infused during operation. A induction dose is 0.3mg/Kg. A maintenance dose is 65 mcg/kg/hr |
|
| Ketamine | Active Comparator | It is infused during operation. A induction dose is 0.3 mg/Kg. A maintenance dose is 3 mcg/kg/hr |
|
| Saline | Placebo Comparator | It is infused during operation. A induction volume is 3mL A maintenance dose is 10mL/hr |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Nefopam | Drug |
| ||
| Ketamine |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| analgesic requirement | During 1 hour at PACU | |
| duration of analgesic free | During 1 hour at PACU |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| analgesic requirement | During 8 hours after arriving at ward | |
| Pain on the VAS scale | During 1 hour at PACU |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Role | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Mi hyun Lee | Contact | +82-02-829-5230 | md1212@naver.com |
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospita | Recruiting | Seoul | South Korea |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002764 | Cholecystitis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005705 | Gallbladder Diseases |
| D001660 | Biliary Tract Diseases |
| D004066 | Digestive System Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009340 | Nefopam |
| D007649 | Ketamine |
| D012965 | Sodium Chloride |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010079 | Oxazocines |
| D001392 | Azocines |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
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|
| Saline | Drug |
|
| D003510 |
| Cyclohexanes |
| D003516 | Cycloparaffins |
| D006840 | Hydrocarbons, Alicyclic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D002712 | Chlorides |
| D006851 | Hydrochloric Acid |
| D017606 | Chlorine Compounds |
| D007287 | Inorganic Chemicals |
| D017670 | Sodium Compounds |