The types of exercises included: low-impact to moderate aerobic training (gradually starting from 50% of the Fc max to 70%-80% of Fc max); walking fast in a circle, alternating with periods of going up and down the stairs (3 steps for 10 minutes) for a total of 20 consecutive minutes; posture exercises for the back and proprioceptive exercises for the trunk in the supine position to improve axial stability, including diaphragmatic breathing.

Perceptual surfaces is a therapeutic system that is based on the interaction between the patient's back or painful area and a support surface, composed of small latex cones with various dimensions (height: 3-8 cm; base diameter: 2-4 cm) and elasticities. The inferior bases of these cones are applied to a rigid wood surface using elastic strips; usually, over 100 cones are used for each session. Patients were asked to lie down supine on the surface that was formed by the smoothed apex of these cones, creating reaction forces to the patient's weight, generated by the interaction with the cones.

The control group did brief educational sessions.

Includes different types of exercises: low-impact to moderate aerobic training; walking fast in a circle, alternating with periods of going up and down the stairs (3 steps for 10 minutes) for a total of 20 consecutive minutes; posture exercises for the back and proprioceptive exercises for the trunk in the supine position to improve axial stability, including diaphragmatic breathing. The heart rate was monitored through the use of a heart rate monitor, which allowed not to exceed the threshold.

It is a simple and rapidly implemented index, consisting of a pain map, called the Self-Assessment Pain Scale (SAPS) (in which the patient is asked to indicate how much pain he suffered in the previous week in 16 areas of the body, with scored from 0 to 3), and 2 scales (between 0 and 10) that evaluate fatigue and quality of sleep, scored from 0-10. The FAS allows physicians to obtain reliable information concerning the course of the disease and is sufficiently sensitive to alert them in case of deterioration.

It comprises 3 sections-function, impact, and symptoms-combining to generate an overall score. The first section contains 10 sub items and focuses on the patient's ability to perform daily tasks that involve the large muscles (eg, cooking, cleaning, walking, shopping, homemaking, socializing, and mobility). The next 2 items ask patients to circle the number of days in the past week in which they felt good and the number of days that they missed work. The last 7 items assess the ability to do one's job, pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness, anxiety, and depression. The total score on the FIQ is calculated by adding the following 10 items: the physical function score, the number of days feeling good, the number of work days missed, the ability to do one's job, pain, fatigue, morning tiredness, stiffness, anxiety, and depression. The FIQ score ranges from 0 to 100, with 100 indicating the worst possible score due to Fibromylgia.