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Over 2 decades scientists have been studying the effect on brain function from meditation practices. The purpose of this study is to measure the effect of a meditation retreat program on serotonin and dopamine transporter binding and changes in cerebral blood flow. The retreat program that will be followed is a week-long retreat called the Ignatian Retreat.
This study will utilize DaTscan single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) in healthy subjects within one month of entering the retreat. The study uses DaTscan to measure the effect on serotonin and dopamine transporter binding, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure the effect on cerebral blood flow. The Ignatian Retreat is a weeklong retreat which involves meditation and prayer.
Additionally, study participants will complete a variety of questionnaires and scales to measure psychological and spirituality states. The scans and questionnaires will be completed before and after the participant has completed the retreat. The ultimate goal of the study is to analyze and compare pre and post imaging and neuropsychological and spirituality changes in healthy controls who participate in this retreat.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Healthy Subjects | Healthy subjects will attend the weeklong meditation retreat. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meditation Retreat | Other | Weeklong retreat which includes meditation and prayer. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) Imaging (DaTScan) | To detect changes in dopamine and serotonin before and after a meditation retreat program in serotonin transporter and dopamine transporter binding. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| functional MRI | To detect changes in cerebral blood flow before and after a meditation retreat program. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The Speilberger State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) contains a total of 40 questions, half of which relate to the way subjects are feeling at the moment and half of which ask them to describe how they usually feel. | Within one month of the retreat |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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At present, study participants are recruited from a variety of meditation programs and through the Center of Integrative Medicine. All subjects will be healthy adults.
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Andrew B. Newberg, MD | Thomas Jefferson University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Thomas Jefferson University | Philadelphia | Pennsylvania | 19107 | United States |
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| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Publication from study results | View source |
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| Type | Includes Protocol | Includes SAP | Includes ICF | Document Label | Document Date | Document Uploaded Date | Document File Name |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Prot_SAP | Yes | Yes | No | Study Protocol and Statistical Analysis Plan | Dec 6, 2011 | Jul 13, 2022 | Prot_SAP_002.pdf |
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| Profile of Moods Scale (POMS) | The Profile of Mood States (POMS) is a validated questionnaire of 65 single word items that asks "How have you been feeling in the past week including today." The subjects will select their response to each word that describes a mood or feeling on a Likert scale from 1= Not at All, 2= A Little, 3=Moderately, 4=Quite a lot, to 5=Extremely. The responses are scored to generate values for Tension, Anger, Confusion, Depression and Vigor. The higher scores indicate a greater presence of that mood or state. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Beck Depression Inventory (Beck 1972) | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The Beck Depression Inventory (Beck 1972) is a standard 21 item questionnaire probing cognitive and somatic symptoms of depression. The higher scores indicate a greater presence of depression. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Standard Form-12 (SF-12) | This 12-item validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The subjects will select their response to each word that describes a mood or feeling on a Likert scale. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Hood Mysticism Scale (Lifetime) | This validated scale will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. Items are rated on a five-point scale with negatively worded items reverse scored. The responses are scored to generate values for Extrovertive Mysticism, Religious Interpretation, and Introvertive Mysticism. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Brief Multidimensional Measure of Religiousness/Spirituality | This 30-item validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The responses are scored to generate values for Suffering, Positing Sharing, Crying, Emotional Attention, Feel for Others, and Emotional Contagion. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Gratitude Questionnaire | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The subjects will select their response on a Likert scale. The higher scores indicate a greater sense of gratitude. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Daily Spiritual Experience Scale | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. This assessment measures ordinary, or daily, spiritual experiences. | Within one month of the retreat |
| The Assessment of Spirituality and Religious Sentiments (ASPIRES ) | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. This assessment measures Religious sentiments and Spiritual Transcendence. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Index of Core Spiritual Experiences (INSPIRIT) | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study to evaluate the presence or frequency of certain religions. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Functional Assessment of Chronic Illness Therapy Spiritual Well-Being (FACIT-Sp-12) | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The 12-item assessment is used to measure spiritual well-being by asking patients to describe aspects of spirituality and/or religious faith that contribute to health related quality of life. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Cloninger Self-Transcendence Scale | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study. The subjects will select their response on a Likert scale. The higher scores indicate a greater presence to self-transcendence and well being. | Within one month of the retreat |
| Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire | This validated questionnaire will be used as one of the evaluation questionnaires for the study.The analysis yielded five factors that appear to represent elements of mindfulness as it is currently conceptualized.The five facets are observing, describing, acting with awareness, non-judging of inner experience, and non-reactivity to inner experience. | Within one month of the retreat |