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Regional brain glucose hypometabolism occurs during aging and may contribute to the onset of aging-related cognitive impairment in humans. Ketones are the main alternative energy substrate to glucose for the brain. Several studies show that brain ketone uptake and metabolism are unaltered in cognitively-normal older persons and in Alzheimer's disease (AD). Nutritional ketosis is reported to have a positive impact on cognitive performances in mild cognitive impairment and AD. Nevertheless, changes in regional brain glucose and ketone uptake in adults are poorly understood during diet-induced experimental ketosis. The investigators hypothesis was that during diet-induced ketosis, brain ketone uptake would be directly correlated with the elevation of blood ketone levels and inversely correlated to brain glucose uptake.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ketogenic diet | Experimental | Pre/Post TEP study with a 4 days ketogenic diet (KD). Interventions 1: Pre-KD = Participants did a TEP before starting the 4-day diet Intervention 2: Post-KD = Participants did a TEP after completing the 4-day diet |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pre-KD | Dietary Supplement | Before starting 4 days of 4:1 (lipids:protein/carbohydrates) ketogenic diet |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet | |
| Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stephen C Cunnane, PhD | Université de Sherbrooke | Principal Investigator |
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Participant were recruited with advertising poster on bulletin board of different local organism (university, health clinic, sport and leisure association, etc)
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Ketogenic Diet | TEP study following a 4 day ketogenic diet (KD), consisting of a classic 4:1 KD (4:1 lipid to carbohydrate + protein ratio) in the form of liquid meal (water, cream, MCT oil, liquid egg white, flavor) and taken in 3 separates meal. Intervention 1: Pre-KD = Participants did a TEP before starting the 4 days ketogenic diet Intervention 2 : Post-KD = Participants did a TEP after the 4 days ketogenic diet |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Ketogenic Diet | TEP study following a 4 day ketogenic diet (KD) Intervention 1: Pre-KD = Participants did a TEP before starting a 4 days ketogenic diet Intervention 2: Post-KD = Participants did a TEP after 4 days of ketogenic diet |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Acetoacetate Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | µmol/100g/min | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet |
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Ketogenic Diet | TEP study with a 4 days ketogenic diet Ketogenic diet: 4 days 4:1 (lipids:protein/carbohydrates) ketogenic diet Intervention 1: Pre-KD = Participants did a TEP before starting a 4 days ketogenic diet Intervention 2: Post-KD = Participants did a TEP after 4 days of ketogenic diet |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Pr. Stephen Cunnane | Université de Sherbrooke | 819-780-2220 | 45670 | stephen.cunnane@usherbrooke.ca |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D007662 | Ketosis |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000138 | Acidosis |
| D000137 | Acid-Base Imbalance |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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Ten participants received a very high fat ketogenic diet (KD) (4.5:1; lipid:protein plus carbohydrates) for four days.
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| Post-KD | Dietary Supplement | After 4 days of 4:1 (lipids:protein/carbohydrates) ketogenic diet |
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| Participants |
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| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
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| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
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| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
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| Primary | Mean in Cerebral Metabolic Rate of Glucose Before or After 4 Days of Ketogenic Diet | Posted | Mean | Standard Error | µmol/100g/min | At baseline (approximatively 1 month before the onset of the diet) and right after a 4 days ketogenic diet |
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| 0 |
| 10 |
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| 10 |
| 0 |
| 10 |
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