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Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and e-health educational programs have been proved to be effective support to CVD clients. However, most e-health programs lack personalization and this seldom results in exercise behavioral change. Considering the advantages of e-health programs, as well as the widespread internet use and the rising trend of younger patients having CVD in Hong Kong, we conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of a home-based interactive e-health educational intervention versus usual care for middle aged cardiac vascular (CV) patients on their total physical exercise, exercise adherence and quality of life.
Introduction:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and e-health educational programs have been proved to be effective support to CVD clients. However, most e-health programs lack personalization and this seldom results in exercise behavioral change. Considering the advantages of e-health programs, as well as the widespread internet use and the rising trend of younger patients having CVD in Hong Kong, we conducted a Randomized Controlled Trial (RCT) to investigate the effectiveness of a home-based interactive e-health educational intervention versus usual care on total physical exercise, exercise adherence and self efficacy, risk factor profile, psychological outcomes and quality of life for middle aged cardiac vascular (CV) patients.
Methods and analysis:
This is a prospective randomised clinical trial investigating effectiveness of a home-based interactive e-health educational intervention for middle-aged cardiovascular disease (CVD) adults in improving total exercise, adherence rate, exercise efficacy and outcomes. The hypothesis is that the middle-aged CVD patients (those who are 40-65 years old) would be more likely to adhere to exercise-based behavior that improves their total exercise, exercise adherence rate, cardiac risk profile , psychological outcomes and quality of life with the support of an interactive e-health educational intervention.
The RCT was conducted in two government cardiac clinics in Hong Kong. 438 eligible CV clients were randomized to either the control group (C) or the intervention group (I) using block randomization method. All participants received usual care while (I) additionally received the e-health educational intervention (eHEI) programme. This programme comprised of one-hour educational session, one telephone follow up and e-health link on self monitoring including record of health measures and physical exercise across 6 months. Data was collected at baseline, three months and six months intervals. The primary outcome was total physical exercise (GSLTPAQ). Secondary outcomes consisted of: exercise efficacy and adherence rate; CV risk profile; physical and psychological health outcomes (SF12 & HAD); biological parameter. Data was analyzed using generalized linear models.
Ethics and dissemination: The study complies with the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University and hospital ethics committee. Study findings will be disseminated in international conferences and publications.
Key messages:
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death globally and most e-health educational programs have been proved to be effective support to CVD clients. However, most e-health programs lack personalization and this seldom results in exercise behavioral change.
The adopted e-health program aims to empower CVD participants by increase knowledge on cardiovascular risks, perceived benefits of exercise to health, as well as enhance their self-efficacy in exercise adherence and exercise behavior. Data analysis has been started in August 2015. This trial will provide evidence of e-health programs on physical and psychological outcomes comprehensively.
Strengths and limitations of this study:
The study has been designed to meet the criteria for high quality in non-pharmacological randomised clinical trials with randomisation, multicentre participation, blinded assessment and analysis with good sample size.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| e-health educational intervention (eHEI) | Experimental | Participants in the intervention group received usual care and additional individualized educational intervention administered by a trained nurse who was experienced in cardiac nursing. The exercise prescription had been set as walking exercise for 30 minutes per day for 5 days per week. The exercise dosage might be modified with physician's order to suit the individual's physical condition and agreed goals if necessary. The 30- minutes educational intervention was conducted in a private room of the clinic. The content covered general information related to coronary heart disease and benefit of performing exercise, the e-health educational intervention (eHEI) link demonstration and re-demonstration. In addition, one telephone follow-up was conducted at week 2 to facilitate the usage of the e-HEI link. |
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| Control group | No Intervention | Control group received standard care only. The control group also received standard usual care comprising the doctor follow up with medication. During an individualized educational session conducted by a trained research assistant , a briefing on healthy life style and an an additional educational leaflet about coronary heart disease which is customarily given to patient with cardiovascular risks was given to the patient. In the control group, no e-health educational intervention has been provided to the patients of the control group. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| e-health educational intervention (eHEI) | Behavioral | The e-HEI link (e-health link http://ehealth.nur.cuhk.edu.hk) provides the content of culture-specific cognitive knowledge related to CVD and measures to modify risk factors. The member area and interactive platform of the e-HEI website allows the self-monitoring of individual health and exercise records. Members can view and retrieve their own exercise records daily, and health measures trend regularly. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in total physical exercise (measured by The Godin-Shephard Leisure-Time Physical Activity Questionnaire) | Change in physical exercise is | Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in exercise efficacy (measured by a validated scale. The scale consists of 9 items and responses are made on a 0-10 scale) | Changes in self-efficacy for exercise is measured by a validated scale. The scale consists of 9 items and responses are made on a 0-10 scale. | Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Exercise adherence (two simple questions will be asked: how often do you do any physical activity per week? and What is the duration of the exercise on average?) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eliza Mi Ling Wong, PhD | Chinese University of Hong Kong | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tung Wah Eastern Hospital | Causeway Bay | Hong Kong Island | Hong Kong | |||
| Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
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To measure exercise adherence, two simple questions will be asked: how often do you do any physical activity per week? and What is the duration of the exercise on average? |
| Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Changes in anxiety and depression (Chinese version of the Hospital anxiety and depression scale) | The Chinese version of the Hospital anxiety and depression scale will be used to measure the changes in anxiety and depression. The scale consists of 14 items and responses on a 4 point likert scale. | Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Changes in quality of Life (Chinese version of the health survey questionnaire (SF-12) | Chinese version of the health survey questionnaire (SF-12) will be used in measuring the changes in quality of life. | Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Cardiac risk factor profile (Demographic data will be collected through questionnaire) | Demographic data will be collected through questionnaire. Medical problems, cardiac risk profile such as (systolic and diastolic blood pressure, LDL cholesterol, HDL cholesterol, triglycerides, blood sugar level, HbA1c, BMI will be retrieved from the patients' medical records. | Baseline, 3 Months, 6 Months |
| Chai Wan |
| Hong Kong Island |
| Hong Kong |