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Physical inactivity is a health problem that affects people worldwide and has been identified as the fourth largest risk factor for overall mortality (contributing to 6% of deaths globally). Many researchers have tried to increase physical activity (PA) levels through traditional methods without much success. Thus, many researchers are turning to mobile technology as an emerging method for changing health behaviours.The study consists of a physical activity intervention through a mobile application in elderly. The study is a 3x2 model, in which the sample is distributed in three study groups (over 53 years) and were evaluated at 10 weeks from baseline.
Objectives of the study:
Hypotheses of the study:
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Training group | Experimental | Participants in this group received twice-weekly non-consecutive sessions of physical exercise for 10 weeks. Each session lasted approximately 60-70 minutes. Exercise program consisted of strength training and aerobic exercise. Each session began with a warm low intensity (10 min), then the main part of the session (25 min) and aerobic training and recovery period (25-35 min) was performed. The equipment used during the procedure was the Thera-Band elastic band. |
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| Mobile group | Experimental | Intervention content was the same in both intervention arms; only the delivery mode differed. Participants in this group received two podcast (digital multimedia file available for download in a media player) per week for 10 weeks of the intervention, each podcast lasted about 5 min. Participants in this group received a weekly message with the aim of fostering motivation toward physical activity. Subjects in this group performed two sessions per week on non-consecutive days, the days could be chosen by the participants themselves. |
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| Control group | Other | No received intervention. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Training group | Other | The main part of the session included a whole-body strength training, which incorporated chest press, shoulder press, lateral pull-down, seated row, shoulder flexion, chest pulley, hammer curl, biceps curl, triceps curl, triceps pushdown, leg extension, leg curl, lunge, squat, abdominal crunch. To control and equate the intensity between the TG and MG, a method based on the combined use of the prescribed number of repetitions and the OMNI Resistance Scale for the active muscles was used. Previous studies have described the method used for controlling exercise intensity (Colado et al., 2012; Colado et al., 2014). During 1-3 weeks subjects performed 25 min of exercise at 60% maximum heart rate (HRmax), during weeks 4-6 subjects performed 30 min of exercise at 70% HRmax and during weeks 7-10 subjects performed 35 min of exercise at 80% HRmax. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline in Maximum hand grip strength (dynamometry) | The manual pressure force was measured with a digital force gauge (TKK 5001 Grip-A; Takey, Tokyo, Japan) and the results are recorded in kilograms | Change from Baseline in Maximum hand grip strength (dynamometry) at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Aerobic capacity | Aerobic capacity was measured using 2-Minute Step Test. | Change from Baseline in Aerobic capacity at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Static Balance | Static balance measurement was conducted using the Flamingo test (Committee of Experts on Sport Research, 1988). | Change from Baseline in Static Balance at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Waist circumference | Change from Baseline in Waist circumference at 10 weeks | |
| Change from Baseline in Body fat | Body fat was measured using Bioimpedance scale (Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale plus, Model BF-556) is used | Change from Baseline in Body fat at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Muscle mass | Muscle mass was measured using Bioimpedance scale (Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale plus, Model BF-556) is used | Change from Baseline in Muscle mass at 10 weeks |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from Baseline in Physical activity levels | To measure levels of physical activity of the participants used the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) (Craig et al., 2003) | Change from Baseline in Physical activity levels at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Height |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Josep Vidal Conti | University of Balearic Islands | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Josep Vidal Conti | Majorca | Balearic Islands | 07122 | Spain |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26364690 | Derived | Muntaner-Mas A, Vidal-Conti J, Borras PA, Ortega FB, Palou P. Effects of a Whatsapp-delivered physical activity intervention to enhance health-related physical fitness components and cardiovascular disease risk factors in older adults. J Sports Med Phys Fitness. 2017 Jan-Feb;57(1-2):90-102. doi: 10.23736/S0022-4707.16.05918-1. Epub 2015 Sep 11. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D012681 | Sensitivity Training Groups |
| D035061 | Control Groups |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011615 | Psychotherapy, Group |
| D012960 | Socioenvironmental Therapy |
| D011613 | Psychotherapy |
| D004191 | Behavioral Disciplines and Activities |
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| Mobile group | Other | The subjects in this group received the same intervention that trainning group but through a mobile application (whatsapp). |
|
| Control group | Other | No received intervention. |
|
The height was measured as close to the millimeter using the mobile rod (Seca 217). |
| Change from Baseline in Height at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Weight | The weight was measured using bioelectrical impedance scales (Tanita Body Fat Monitor Scale plus, Model BF-556). | Change from Baseline in Weight at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure | The Systolic Blood Pressure was measured using Omron Elite 7300W (Omron Healthcare Inc, Bannockburn, IL, USA) | Change from Baseline in Systolic Blood Pressure at 10 weeks |
| Change from Baseline in Dyastolic Blood Pressure | The Dyastolic Blood Pressure was measured using Omron Elite 7300W (Omron Healthcare Inc, Bannockburn, IL, USA) | Change from Baseline in Dyastolic Blood Pressure at 10 weeks |
| D015340 | Epidemiologic Research Design |
| D004812 | Epidemiologic Methods |
| D008919 | Investigative Techniques |
| D012107 | Research Design |
| D008722 | Methods |