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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Greek Alzheimer's Association and Related Disorders | OTHER |
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The study involved Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and more specifically computer exercises blended with game activities. It was hypothesized that ICT facilitated, game blended cognitive and/or physical exercise improves global cognition when compared to control groups; moreover, these improvements may be manifested by brain activity changes; we explored the impact of potential moderators on combined exercise-induced cognitive benefits, as well as, individual/separate training schemes.
The study was conducted in the Thessaloniki (Greece), in various centers. It was part of the Long Lasting Memories (LLM) project (www.longlastingmemories.eu), which was funded by the European Commission (Information and Communication Technologies Policy Support Program (ICT-PSP) for a three year period (2009-2012). It used a pre-post-test design with the between-participant factor group [intervention(s) vs. passive and/or active control]. Post-test was conducted within 2 weeks after completion of the exercise period. Interventions were carried out in Thessaloniki (Greece) within day care centers, hospitals, senior care centers, a memory outpatient center, local parishes, and at participants' homes.
Centers had to provide 8 exercise weeks, with a frequency of at least 2 physical and 3 cognitive exercise sessions per week, resulting in at least 16 physical and 24 cognitive exercise sessions in total.
A similar trial was registered with Clinical Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT02267499
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| LLM | Experimental | LLM training Participants use the FitForAll exergaming computer platform as the physical training component (PTC); Participants use the language adapted Version of the BrainFitness Program as the cognitive training component (CTC) |
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| PTC | Experimental | Physical training only. Participants use the FitForAll exergaming computer platform as the physical training component (PTC). |
|
| CTC | Experimental | Cognitive training only. Participants use the language adapted Version of the BrainFitness Program as the cognitive training component (CTC) |
|
| Passive | No Intervention | Passive Control Participants do not receive an intervention serving as passive controls | |
| Active | Active Comparator | Active Control Participants receive an alternative cognitive training scheme; software was built on purpose by the AUTH team. The software is called VideoGrade and uses YouTube documentaries. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LLM | Other | LLM training Participants use the FitForAll exergaming computer platform as the physical training component (PTC); Participants use the language adapted Version of the BrainFitness Program as the cognitive training component (CTC) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| overall cognition | Greek versions of the California Verbal Learning Test [CVLT], the Digit Span Test and the Trail Making Test [TMT] were used to assess cognitive outcomes | 2 Monhths |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| physical fitness | Physical capacity was measured by means of the Senior Fitness Test | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| Episodic memory | calculated by averaging z-standardized sub-scores of the three cognitive tests (primary outcome) |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 24705268 | Background | Bamidis PD, Vivas AB, Styliadis C, Frantzidis C, Klados M, Schlee W, Siountas A, Papageorgiou SG. A review of physical and cognitive interventions in aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev. 2014 Jul;44:206-20. doi: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.03.019. Epub 2014 Apr 4. | |
| 23912068 | Background | Ladas A, Frantzidis C, Bamidis P, Vivas AB. Eye Blink Rate as a biological marker of Mild Cognitive Impairment. Int J Psychophysiol. 2014 Jul;93(1):12-6. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.07.010. Epub 2013 Aug 1. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| The LLM project web site | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D060825 | Cognitive Dysfunction |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003072 | Cognition Disorders |
| D019965 | Neurocognitive Disorders |
| D001523 | Mental Disorders |
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| FFA | Other | PTC training Participants use the FitForAll exergaming computer platform as the physical training component (PTC) |
|
| Brain Fitness | Other | CTC training Participants use the language adapted Version of the BrainFitness Program as the cognitive training component (CTC) |
|
| VideoGrade | Other | Active cognitive training by use of the VideoGrade software by AUTH. |
|
| 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| working memory | calculated by averaging z-standardized sub-scores of the three cognitive tests (primary outcome) | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| executive function | calculated by averaging z-standardized sub-scores of the three cognitive tests (primary outcome) | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| Quality of Life | WHOQoL | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| Instrumental Activities of daily living | IADL | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| Depressive symptoms | GDS | 2 months / 6+2 months / 12+2 months |
| Brain function | changes in abnormal brain waves that correlate with mild cognitive decline and dementia as measured by EEG and/or ERPs; changes in resting state networks; localisation of brain region activations/de-activations | 2 months |
| 25206333 | Result | Frantzidis CA, Vivas AB, Tsolaki A, Klados MA, Tsolaki M, Bamidis PD. Functional disorganization of small-world brain networks in mild Alzheimer's Disease and amnestic Mild Cognitive Impairment: an EEG study using Relative Wavelet Entropy (RWE). Front Aging Neurosci. 2014 Aug 26;6:224. doi: 10.3389/fnagi.2014.00224. eCollection 2014. |
| 24472698 | Result | Frantzidis CA, Ladas AK, Vivas AB, Tsolaki M, Bamidis PD. Cognitive and physical training for the elderly: evaluating outcome efficacy by means of neurophysiological synchronization. Int J Psychophysiol. 2014 Jul;93(1):1-11. doi: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.01.007. Epub 2014 Jan 25. |
| 26973445 | Derived | Klados MA, Styliadis C, Frantzidis CA, Paraskevopoulos E, Bamidis PD. Beta-Band Functional Connectivity is Reorganized in Mild Cognitive Impairment after Combined Computerized Physical and Cognitive Training. Front Neurosci. 2016 Feb 29;10:55. doi: 10.3389/fnins.2016.00055. eCollection 2016. |
| 25945260 | Derived | Styliadis C, Kartsidis P, Paraskevopoulos E, Ioannides AA, Bamidis PD. Neuroplastic effects of combined computerized physical and cognitive training in elderly individuals at risk for dementia: an eLORETA controlled study on resting states. Neural Plast. 2015;2015:172192. doi: 10.1155/2015/172192. Epub 2015 Apr 7. |
| The Greek LLM continuation project/business activity | View source |