Ketamine and Propofol for Upper Endoscopy

Co-administration of Ketamine and Propofol for Upper Endoscopy in Children: a Dose-finding Study

The purpose of this study is to examine the dose-response relationship of ketamine in combination with propofol.

Direct visualization of the esophagus, stomach and small intestine is performed using a scope that is inserted while the patient is under under deep sedation or general anesthesia. The most common method of providing general anesthesia for upper endoscopy is intravenous administration of medications such as propofol, often in combination with other medications such as fentanyl, midazolam, remifentanil or ketamine. One study found that the combination of propofol and ketamine provides better conditions (less patient movement, more stable heart and breathing) but more side effects afterwards compared to propofol and fentanyl.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age 3-13 years
• Receiving general anesthesia for upper endoscopy

Exclusion Criteria:

• Known or possible difficult airway
• BMI > 35
• Weight < 10 kg
• Sedative premedication required
• Known contraindication to ketamine or propofol