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The purpose of this study is to (1) develop and test the effectiveness of home-based interventions on dual-task performance in older adults; and (2) determine the generalizability of the four trainings (i.e. single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive-cognitive trainings) to novel tasks.
Although, dual-task motor-cognitive training has proven to be more effective in improving dual-task balance performance than traditional single-task motor training, poor evidence of training-related transfer to a novel dual task has been shown. Additionally, another important impediment to the development of intervention to improve dual-task balance performance is that the previous studies have largely focused on training in a laboratory, or clinical setting, often with one-on-one supervision by a therapist or research assistant. Even though the home-based approach is more pragmatic, desirable, and encourages accessibility, no study has been done to examine the efficacy of home-based dual-task training.
Therefore, this study aims to address these gaps in the literature by conducting a home-based program designed to improve dual-task performance with a broader transfer-of-training effects in older adults. Participants will be randomly assigned to one of four groups (i.e. single-task motor training, single-task cognitive training, dual-task motor-cognitive training, and dual-task cognitive-cognitive trainings).
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Single-task motor training group | Experimental | The participants will receive only balance training which will progress from stance activities, to stance activities plus hand manipulation, then gait activities, and finally gait activities plus hand manipulation. |
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| Single-task cognitive training group | Experimental | The participants will receive cognitive training that will involve executive function, attention, and working memory. |
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| Dual-task motor-cognitive training group | Experimental | The participants assigned to the dual-task motor-cognitive training group will receive the same exercises as single-task motor training while simultaneously performing secondary tasks as those in the single-task cognitive training group. |
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| Dual-task cognitive-cognitive training group | Experimental | The participants in the dual-task cognitive-cognitive trainings group will receive two cognitive tasks at the same time. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Balance exercise | Other | Balance activities, using a task-oriented approach, progress participants from body stability, to body stability plus hand manipulation, then body transport, and finally body transport plus hand manipulation. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| The Center of Mass velocity and Base of Support distance | The Center of Mass velocity and Base of Support distance is referred as the direction of the center of mass velocity in relation to base of support. It is used to measure the control of dynamic balance throughout gait under single-task and dual-task conditions in order to examine training effect. | At baseline and after 4-week training |
| Spatio-temporal gait parameters | Spatio-temporal gait parameters is measured throughout gait under single-task and dual-task conditions in order to examine training effect. | At baseline and after 4-week training |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Faculty of Associated Medical Sciences, Chiang Mai University | Sripoom | Chiang Mai | 50200 | Thailand |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000091942 | Cognitive Training |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000066530 | Neurological Rehabilitation |
| D012046 | Rehabilitation |
| D000359 | Aftercare |
| D003266 | Continuity of Patient Care |
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| Cognitive training | Other | Cognitive training involves executive function, attention, and working memory. Examples of cognitive training include finding the exit to a maze, calculation, visual-spatial skills, Sudoku, Stroop color-word task, word search, spot the differences, visual discrimination, and memory scanning skills. |
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| Dual-task cognitive-cognitive training | Other | The Dual-task cognitive-cognitive training involves applying two cognitive tasks at the same time. |
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| D005791 |
| Patient Care |
| D013812 | Therapeutics |
| D006296 | Health Services |
| D005159 | Health Care Facilities Workforce and Services |