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Comparison of four laryngoscope blades (Miller, Macintosh, Phillips and Wis-Hipple) for infant intubation during resuscitation with and without chest compressions.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Intubation without chest compression | Experimental | Endotracheal intubation of infant mannikin using different laryngoscope blades (MAC, MIL, PHIL, WIS) during resuscitation without chest compressions. |
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| Intubation with chest compression | Experimental | Endotracheal intubation of infant mannikin using different laryngoscope blades (MAC, MIL, PHIL, WIS) with uninterrupted chest compressions. Chest compressions with the two thumb-encircling hands technique were performed by the same Basic Life Support (BLS) instructor at a rate of 100 compressions per minute and at a depth of about 1.5 inches according to the European Resuscitation Council guidelines of 2010 year. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| MIL | Device | Direct laryngoscopy 1 |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Time to intubation | time from insertion of the blade to the first manual ventilation of the manikin´s lungs. If time of intubation is over than 60 seconds, attempt was recognized as failure. | 1 day |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Success of intubation | effectiveness of the first, second and third intubation attempts and overall effectiveness of intubation by participants using four intubation devices. If the examinee failed at all attempts, the case was excluded from the time calculations. | 1 day |
| Ease of Use |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Lukasz Szarpak | National Institute of Cardiology, Warsaw, Poland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| International Institute of Rescue Research and Education | Warsaw | Masovia | 03-122 | Poland |
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| MAC | Device | Direct laryngoscopy 2 |
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| WIS | Device | Direct laryngoscopy 3 |
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| PHIL | Device | Direct laryngoscopy 4 |
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To access subjective opinions about the difficulty of the each intubation method, participants were asked to give a rating on a visual analogue scale (VAS) with a score from 1 (extremely easy) to 10 (extremely difficult). |
| 1 day |
| POGO score | The POGO score describes how much glottic opening is visible. A POGO score of 100% indicates visualization of the entire glottic opening from the anterior commissure of the vocal cords to the interarytenoid notch. A POGO score of 0% corresponds with no visualization of laryngeal structures. | 1 day |
| Cormack-Lehane grading | self-reported percentage the vocal cord visualization using the Cormack-Lehane grading (grade 1-4) | 1 day |
| dental compression | pressure applied on the upper teeth (n=none, mild=1, moderate=2, severe=3) | 1 day |