Resistance type exercise training has been shown to be a potent stimulus to increase skeletal muscle mass and strength in healthy men. Furthermore, timed protein intake is also known to affect the muscle adaptive response following exercise. Whether timed protein intake could augment the increase in muscle fiber size and/or satellite cell content following long-term exercise intervention remains to be established.

We hypothesize that protein supplementation before sleep, on both training and non-training days, during a 12 week resistance training program further increases type II muscle fibre cross sectional area when compared to the placebo group.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Male
• Healthy
• Age between 18 and 30 years
• BMI between 18.5 and 30 kg/m2
• Recreationally active, performing sports on a non-competitive basis between 2 and 5 hours p/wk
• Participants willing and able to give written informed consent and to understand, to participate and to comply with the biomedical research project requirements

Exclusion Criteria:

• HbA1C level above 6.5%
• Fasted blood glucose level above 7 mmol/L
• Serum creatinine level beneath 60 or above 120 µmol/L
• Participants with a recent history or current state of COPD
• Participants with a recent history or current state of rheumatoid arthritis
• Participants with a recent history or current state of musculoskeletal/orthopedic disorders
• Participants with a recent history or current state of renal disorder
• Participants with a recent history or current state of cognitive impairment
• Participants with orthopedic metal implants in the spine and/or upper/lower extremities
• Participants with lactose intolerance and/or dairy protein allergy
• Participants who are enrolled in an interventional biomedical research project or have received an investigational new drug or product with the last 30 days prior to screening.
• Participants on medication, including anticoagulants