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| ID | Type | Description | Link |
|---|---|---|---|
| MLK2014 | Other Identifier | Study Team |
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate and compare the effectiveness of several brief trainings based on contemplative practices and positive psychology to buffer against the negative effects that acute stress has on behavior and cognitive abilities. The investigators hypothesize that training will buffer against negative effects of acute stress.
Participants will be taught a stress reducing training (breath awareness, loving kindness practice, gratitude exercise) and will practice using this technique for 10-15 minutes. Following this, all participants will undergo the Cold Pressor Task (CPT) for up to 3 minutes.
Before and after these tasks, participant data related to attention, working memory, self regulation, affect, and prosociality will be collected.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Loving-Kindness training | Experimental | Participants receive Loving-Kindness meditation training for approximately 12 minutes. |
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| Breath Awareness training | Experimental | Participants receive Breath Awareness meditation training for approximately 12 minutes. |
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| Gratitude training | Experimental | Participants will receive Gratitude training for approximately 12 minutes. |
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| Control | Other | Participants write and then think about the physical space in which they live (i.e., their home) for approximately 12 minutes. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Loving-Kindness meditation training | Behavioral | Participants undergo training for approximately 12 minutes. Training involves guided reflections and intentions related to feeling loving-kindness towards the self and others. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline performance on Operational Span task | Baseline and 10 minutes following post stress induction | |
| Change from baseline in time spent on hand grip self regulation task | Baseline and 30 minutes post stress induction | |
| Change from baseline on likeability ratings of neutral stimuli | Baseline and 1 minute post stress induction | |
| Number of trials completed in optional Generosity task | 40 minutes post stress induction | |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ratings at baseline | Baseline | |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ratings after pre-test measures | 2 minutes before training | |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ratings after training | 1 minute after training | |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ratings after stress induction | 1 minute after stress induction | |
| Positive and Negative Affect Schedule ratings after post-test | 1 minute after post-test measures | |
| Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test at baseline |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Participant interest in participating in future training | Interest will be rated using a visual analog scale. | 40 minutes post stress induction |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Stacey Schaefer | University of Wisconsin, Madison | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of Wisconsin-Madison | Madison | Wisconsin | 53705 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 33509056 | Derived | Goldberg SB, Flook L, Hirshberg MJ, Davidson RJ, Schaefer SM. Brief breath awareness training yields poorer working memory performance in the context of acute stress. Cogn Emot. 2021 Aug;35(5):1009-1017. doi: 10.1080/02699931.2021.1878113. Epub 2021 Jan 29. |
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| Breath Awareness meditation training | Behavioral | Participants undergo training for approximately 12 minutes. Training involves guided awareness focused on sensations of breathing. |
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| Gratitude | Behavioral | Participants undergo training for approximately 12 minutes. Training involves reflections of gratitude for people, events, and things in one's life. |
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| Control | Behavioral | Participants will write and then think about the physical space in which they live (i.e., their home) for approximately 12 minutes. |
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| Baseline |
| Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test after pre-test measures | 2 minutes before training |
| Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test after training | 1 minute after training |
| Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test after stress induction | 1 minute after stress induction |
| Implicit Positive and Negative Affect Test after post-test | 1 minute after post-test |