To describe the plasma and urinary pharmacokinetics of quercetin glucuronide and kaempferol glucuronide after the administration of a single peroral dose of 1,800mg Red Vine Leaf Extract (Antistax®). Additionally, the trial evaluated the safety and tolerability of this dose in healthy subjects.

Inclusion Criteria:

• male or female (if female: either of non-childbearing potential or taking adequate contraceptive measures)
• caucasian
• age: 18 to 40 years old
• body mass index (BMI): 18-28 kg x m-2
• subjects who - on the basis of extensive pre-trial investigation - could be considered to be healthy
• subjects who were willing and capable to confirm written consent to enrolment after ample information has been provided

Exclusion Criteria:

• if female: positive pregnancy test upon recruitment
• subjects with any relevant clinical abnormality (as based on extensive medical history, physical examination, vital signs)
• subjects with chronic or relevant acute infections
• subjects with therapy-requiring allergies (including drug allergies)
• subjects with suspicion of hypersensitivity to the investigational medication
• subjects with any clinically relevant laboratory abnormality (including positive results for hepatitis and HIV serology)
• subjects who had received any medication within 1 week prior to trial start or during the trial, except for hormonal contraceptives (females) or thyroid hormone replacement after thyroidectomy
• subjects who had taken a drug with a long half-life (≥ 24 hours) within one month before enrolment in the trial
• subjects who participated in a trial with a novel investigational medication within the last 8 weeks before the start of the present trial
• subjects who participated in a trial with a registered compound within the last 4 weeks before the start of the present trial
• subjects who donated blood or plasma within the last 4 weeks before the start of the present trial
• subjects who smoked more than 15 cigarettes per day and subjects who were not willing or able to abstain from smoking from 12:00 hours before and during the profiling days
• subjects known or suspected to be (social) drug dependent, incl. those drinking more than 60 g alcohol per day and who were not willing to abstain from alcohol during the active trial phase
• subjects adhering to a diet (i.e. vegetarian) or lifestyle (including extreme physical activities such as competitive sports and weight lifting) that might interfere with the investigation
• subjects known or suspected not to comply with the trial directives and/or known or suspected not to be reliable or trustworthy
• subjects known or suspected not to be capable of understanding and evaluating the information that is given to them as part of the formal information policy (informed consent), in particular regarding the risks and discomfort to which they would agree to be exposed