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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Health and Family Planning Commission of Zhejiang Province, China | UNKNOWN |
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Phase 1 Sympathetic block leads to vasodilatation and increases in blood flow. However, regional hemodynamic changes of radial and ulnar artery after specific nerve block of brachial plexus remains unclear. The aim of the study is to assess the effect of specific nerve block of brachial plexus on hemodynamics of upper extremity, and provides evidence for further research in patient undergoing microvascular surgery.
Phase 2 There is no literature about dose-finding studies of sympathetic block after brachial plexus block. Little is known regarding the relationship between concentration of local anaesthetic and vasodilation of upper extremity. The aim of this randomized, double-blind, prospective dose-response study is to determine the ED50 and ED95 of ropivacaine in sympathetic block of upper extremity after supraclavicular block
Phase 1 Brachial plexus block (BPB) is a widely used regional anesthetic technique for upper limb surgery. The effect of sympathetic block of BPB can leads to vasodilatation and increase blood flow and skin temperature in the ipsilateral upper limb. At the level of the axillary region, the sympathetic nerves innervating the radial and ulnar artery travel with the brachial plexus, but it is unclear which specific nerve: musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median innervates radial or ulnar artery. Radial and ulnar artery and their branches are common donor or recipient vessels in the vascular reconstruction surgery and their hemodynamic changes may affect the blood flow of vascular anastomoses in vascular reconstruction. Sometimes, brachial plexus could be partially blocked intentionally or unintentionally, with the resultant regional hemodynamic changes unclear.
As the use of ultrasound guided peripheral nerve block getting increasingly popular, peripheral nerve can be blocked visually, with good accuracy and ease. It has made specific nerve block in the axillary region possible. Can specific nerve block increase the blood flow of target artery (radial or ulnar artery) and benefit microvascular surgery, or will it decrease the blood flow in other arteries and have a negative impact on microvascular surgery? In this study, the investigators will measure the hemodynamic changes of radial and ulnar artery after performing specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves respectively in patients without vascular disease. The aim is to assess the effect of specific nerve block on hemodynamics of upper extremity, and provided evidence for further research in patients undergoing microvascular surgery.
The subjects of study are patients undergoing upper extremity operation. All patients will be randomized into 4 groups according to the specific nerve block (SNB) of brachial plexus: group MC (musculocutaneous), group UL (ulnar), group RA (radial) and group ME (median). Patients are randomised to the four groups by random number(generated by computer) in sealed envelopes. Sample randomization will be done in four groups by random-number using sealed envelopes. Each patient will receive allocated SNB of brachial plexus (musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median) followed by Axillary brachial plexus block successively using ultrasound guidance combined neurostimulation. All nerve blocks will be performed by a single dedicated anesthetist. A second investigator, who is blinded to the protocol and patient allocation, will perform the measurements.
Sensory blockade will be assessed by pinprick sensation (22 G needle) and compare with the opposite forearm/hand for normal, hypoesthesia or no sensation. Success of SNB is defined as only loss of sensation in the cutaneous distribution of the specific nerve (musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, or median nerves) at 30min after SNB. If hypoesthesia or no sensation is detected in the innervation areas of any other nerve, the patient will be excluded. Success of BPB is defined as the absence of sensation to in all innervation areas of above four nerves 30min after the BPB.
Measurement of hemodynamic parameters The ulnar artery and radial artery is located at 1 cm proximal to the ulnar or radial styloid process. Specific points will be located with skin marker to provide consistency with all measurements taken. Hemodynamic parameters will is measured by Pulsed-wave Doppler (PWD) ultrasound. The probe will be placed on the ventral wrist parallel to the long axis of the forearm without undue pressure on the artery during the PWD measurements. The volume gate will be positioned in the center of the arterial lumen, and the size of the gate will be 1/3 lumen of the artery. The angle of insonation is adjusted and maintained at 50-60 degrees. Once a desired PWD spectral waveform is achieved, the arterial hemodynamic parameters will be recorded.
Phase 2 The subjects of study are patients undergoing upper extremity operation under supraclavicular brachial plexus block. All patients will be randomly assigned to receive 30ml ropivacaine in concentrations of 0.125%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.375%, 0.5%, or 0.75%. Patients are randomised to the four groups by random number(generated by computer) in sealed envelopes. All nerve blocks were performed by a single dedicated anaesthetist who remains blinded to the concentration of ropivacaine.
A second investigator, who is blinded to the protocol and patient allocation, will perform the measurements. Another investigator, who is not present during the conduct of the BPB and blinded to the concentration of ropivacaine used will assess each blockade. Patient are also blinded.
The brachial plexus will be visualized using a high-frequency linear ultrasound transducer in the supraclavicular fossa. After skin disinfection and infiltrating with 1% lidocaine, nerve stimulation needle will be inserted using in-line technique,and advanced among the divisions of brachial plexus with electric impulses (2 Hz, 0.3mA, 0.1 ms) of nerve stimulator. If visible contraction of the innervated muscle is elicited, the needle will be withdrawn slowly until the corresponding muscle contraction disappears to avoid intrafascicular puncture. The local anesthetic will be injected at three locations: adjacent to the superficial divisions of the plexus, adjacent to the middle divisions and inferior divisions. The proportion of the volume injected in each area is at the discretion of the expert operator according to the spread of local anesthetic.
The efficacy of the block will be assessed by pinprick sensation (22 G needle) and compared with the opposite arm/hand for normal, hypoesthesia or no sensation. For patients with an ineffective block, supplementary local anesthesia will be administered according to the distribution of the block and site of surgery after measurement. If the patient experienced any pain during surgery, supplementary analgesia, sedation, or general anesthesia will be administered as required.
Patient's arm is in supination. The brachial artery will be located in 2 cm proximal to the antecubital fossa. Hemodynamic Parameters will be measured by Pulsed-wave Doppler(PWD) ultrasound. The probe will be parallel the long axis of the arm without undue pressure on the artery during the PWD measurements. The volume gate will be positioned in the center of the arterial lumen, and the size of the gate will be 1/3 lumen of the artery. The angle of insonation will be adjusted and maintained at 50-60 degrees. Once a desired PWD spectral waveform is achieved, the arterial hemodynamic parameters will be recorded. The cross-sectional area (CSA) of the artery will be assessed with B-mode imaging. Probe should be as perpendicular as possible to the long axis of the artery to obtain as round an arterial section as possible. The image at end diastole will be chosen and measured with the cine loop.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| group MC(phase 1) | Other | specific nerve block:musculocutaneous nerve block |
|
| group UL( phase 1) | Other | specific nerve block:ulnar nerve block |
|
| group RA (phase 1) | Other | specific nerve block:radial nerve block |
|
| group ME (phase 1) | Other | specific nerve block:median nerve block |
|
| group A(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.125% |
|
| group B(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.2% |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| specific nerve block | Procedure | specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters of Radial/Ulnar Artery From Baseline to 30min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | These parameters included peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX),and was measured by Pulsed-wave Doppler(PWD) ultrasound. | baseline(t0), 30 min after specific nerve block(t1), 30 min after brachial plexus block(t2) |
| Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters of Brachial Artery From Baseline to 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 2) | These parameters included peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI),The cross-sectional area of the artery imaging.Blood flow (BF) = TAMAX× CSA×60s. Relative ratio of hemodymanic parameter=30 min after brachial plexus block divide by baseline | baseline, 30 min after brachial plexus block |
| Changes in Cross-sectional Area of Radial/Ulnar Artery From Baseline to 30min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | The cross-sectional area(CSA, cm2) of Radial/ulnar Artery was assessed with B-mode imaging. Probe was kept perpendicular to the long axis of the artery to obtain the largest oval arterial section. The image at end diastole was chosen and measured with the cine loop. | baseline(t0), 30 min after specific nerve block(t1), 30 min after brachial plexus block(t2) |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Changes in Skin Temperature From Baseline to 30 Min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30 Min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | Skin temperature(Ts) was measured at four different points within the cutaneous innervation areas of the musculocutaneous(lateral skin of forearm), ulnar(hypothenar region), radial (thumb-index web) and median(thenar) Specific points were located with skin marker to provide consistency of measurement. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Ting Li, M.D. | Wenzhou Medical University | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children hospital of Wenzhou Medical University | Wenzhou | Zhejiang | 325027 | China |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 22030722 | Background | Li J, Karmakar MK, Li X, Kwok WH, Ngan Kee WD. Regional hemodynamic changes after an axillary brachial plexus block: a pulsed-wave Doppler ultrasound study. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2012 Jan-Feb;37(1):111-8. doi: 10.1097/AAP.0b013e318234007e. | |
| 16785004 | Background | Shemesh D, Olsha O, Orkin D, Raveh D, Goldin I, Reichenstein Y, Zigelman C. Sympathectomy-like effects of brachial plexus block in arteriovenous access surgery. Ultrasound Med Biol. 2006 Jun;32(6):817-22. doi: 10.1016/j.ultrasmedbio.2006.02.1420. |
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Group MC(Phase 1) | specific nerve block:musculocutaneous nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| FG001 | Group UL( Phase 1) | specific nerve block:ulnar nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| FG002 | Group RA (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:radial nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| FG003 | Group ME (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:median nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| FG004 | Group A(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.125% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| FG005 | Group B(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.2% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| FG006 | Group C(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.25% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| FG007 | Group D(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.375% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| FG008 | Group E(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.5% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| FG009 | Group F(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.75% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Group MC(Phase 1) | specific nerve block:musculocutaneous nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| BG001 | Group UL( Phase 1) |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Continuous | Mean |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters of Radial/Ulnar Artery From Baseline to 30min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | These parameters included peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX),and was measured by Pulsed-wave Doppler(PWD) ultrasound. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm/s | baseline(t0), 30 min after specific nerve block(t1), 30 min after brachial plexus block(t2) |
|
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Serious and Other [Non-Serious] Adverse Events were not collected/assessed
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Group MC(Phase 1) | specific nerve block:musculocutaneous nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Dr. Ting Li | The Second Affiliated Hospital & Yuying Children hospital of Wenzhou Medical University | 008613587876896 | liting1021@aliyun.com |
Not provided
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000077212 | Ropivacaine |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000813 | Anilides |
| D000577 | Amides |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D000814 | Aniline Compounds |
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| group C(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.25% |
|
| group D(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.375% |
|
| group E(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.5% |
|
| group F(phase 2) | Experimental | 30ml ropivacaine 0.75% |
|
| ropivacaine | Drug | Different concentration of ropivacaine |
|
|
| baseline, 30 min after specific nerve block, 30 min after brachial plexus block |
| Success of Brachial Plexus Block ( Phase 2) | Success of Brachial Plexus Block(BPB) was defined as the absence of sensation to in all innervation areas of above four nerves (musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, and median nerves) 30min. after the BPB and no pain during the surgery. | 30 min after brachial plexus block |
| Changes in Skin Temperature From Baseline to 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 2) | Skin temperature was measured at the thenar. change= 30min after brachial plexus block minus baseline | Baseline,30 min after brachial plexus block |
| 18035293 | Background | Hermanns H, Braun S, Werdehausen R, Werner A, Lipfert P, Stevens MF. Skin temperature after interscalene brachial plexus blockade. Reg Anesth Pain Med. 2007 Nov-Dec;32(6):481-7. doi: 10.1016/j.rapm.2007.06.392. |
| 21367563 | Background | Sahin L, Gul R, Mizrak A, Deniz H, Sahin M, Koruk S, Cesur M, Goksu S. Ultrasound-guided infraclavicular brachial plexus block enhances postoperative blood flow in arteriovenous fistulas. J Vasc Surg. 2011 Sep;54(3):749-53. doi: 10.1016/j.jvs.2010.12.045. Epub 2011 Mar 2. |
| 16849019 | Background | Hingorani AP, Ascher E, Gupta P, Alam S, Marks N, Schutzer RW, Multyala M, Shiferson A, Yorkovich W, Jacob T, Salles-Cunha S. Regional anesthesia: preferred technique for venodilatation in the creation of upper extremity arteriovenous fistulae. Vascular. 2006 Jan-Feb;14(1):23-6. doi: 10.2310/6670.2006.00006. |
| 15283829 | Background | Breschan C, Kraschl R, Jost R, Marhofer P, Likar R. Axillary brachial plexus block for treatment of severe forearm ischemia after arterial cannulation in an extremely low birth-weight infant. Paediatr Anaesth. 2004 Aug;14(8):681-4. doi: 10.1111/j.1460-9592.2004.01282.x. |
| 8594960 | Background | Ebert B, Braunschweig R, Reill P. [Quantification of variations in arm perfusion after plexus anesthesia with color doppler sonography]. Anaesthesist. 1995 Dec;44(12):859-62. doi: 10.1007/s001010050222. German. |
| 22915862 | Background | Badal JJ, Kiesau A, Boyle P. Effects of median nerve block on radial artery diameter and peak velocity. Local Reg Anesth. 2010;3:5-10. doi: 10.2147/lra.s9524. Epub 2010 Feb 23. |
| 7637621 | Background | Van der Werff JF, Medici G, Hovius SE, Kusuma A. Axillary plexus blockade in microvascular surgery, a steal phenomenon? Microsurgery. 1995;16(3):141-3. doi: 10.1002/micr.1920160305. |
| 7598395 | Background | Sonntag BV, Murphy RX Jr, Chernofsky MA, Chowdary RP. Microvascular steal phenomenon in lower extremity reconstruction. Ann Plast Surg. 1995 Mar;34(3):336-9; discussion 339-40. doi: 10.1097/00000637-199503000-00020. |
| 21474476 | Background | Lange KH, Jansen T, Asghar S, Kristensen PL, Skjonnemand M, Norgaard P. Skin temperature measured by infrared thermography after specific ultrasound-guided blocking of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, and median nerves in the upper extremity. Br J Anaesth. 2011 Jun;106(6):887-95. doi: 10.1093/bja/aer085. Epub 2011 Apr 6. |
| 10981571 | Background | Lehtipalo S, Winso O, Koskinen LO, Johansson G, Biber B. Cutaneous sympathetic vasoconstrictor reflexes for the evaluation of interscalene brachial plexus block. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2000 Sep;44(8):946-52. doi: 10.1034/j.1399-6576.2000.440809.x. |
| 6875230 | Background | Morgan RF, Reisman NR, Wilgis EF. Anatomic localization of sympathetic nerves in the hand. J Hand Surg Am. 1983 May;8(3):283-8. doi: 10.1016/s0363-5023(83)80161-0. |
| 8226291 | Background | Campero M, Verdugo RJ, Ochoa JL. Vasomotor innervation of the skin of the hand: a contribution to the study of human anatomy. J Anat. 1993 Jun;182 ( Pt 3)(Pt 3):361-8. |
| 15613878 | Background | Kurt E, Ozturk S, Isik S, Zor F. Continuous brachial plexus blockade for digital replantations and toe-to-hand transfers. Ann Plast Surg. 2005 Jan;54(1):24-7. doi: 10.1097/01.sap.0000139568.57928.86. |
| 6884859 | Background | van den Berg B, Berger A, van den Berg E, Zenz M, Brehmeier G, Tizian C. [Continuous plexus anesthesia to improve circulation in peripheral microvascular interventions]. Handchir Mikrochir Plast Chir. 1983 Jun;15(2):101-4. German. |
| 20460999 | Background | Fredrickson MJ, Smith KR, Wong AC. Importance of volume and concentration for ropivacaine interscalene block in preventing recovery room pain and minimizing motor block after shoulder surgery. Anesthesiology. 2010 Jun;112(6):1374-81. doi: 10.1097/ALN.0b013e3181d6929d. |
| 17478453 | Background | Casati A, Baciarello M, Di Cianni S, Danelli G, De Marco G, Leone S, Rossi M, Fanelli G. Effects of ultrasound guidance on the minimum effective anaesthetic volume required to block the femoral nerve. Br J Anaesth. 2007 Jun;98(6):823-7. doi: 10.1093/bja/aem100. Epub 2007 May 3. |
| 20167584 | Background | Gupta PK, Pace NL, Hopkins PM. Effect of body mass index on the ED50 volume of bupivacaine 0.5% for supraclavicular brachial plexus block. Br J Anaesth. 2010 Apr;104(4):490-5. doi: 10.1093/bja/aeq017. Epub 2010 Feb 18. |
| 29197338 | Derived | Li T, Ye Q, Wu D, Li J, Yu J. Dose-response studies of Ropivacaine in blood flow of upper extremity after supraclavicular block: a double-blind randomized controlled study. BMC Anesthesiol. 2017 Dec 2;17(1):161. doi: 10.1186/s12871-017-0447-7. |
| 26986777 | Derived | Li T, Ye Q, Yeung J, Wu D, Li J, Lian Q, Gao F. Regional haemodynamic changes after selective block of the four principal nerves in the arm: A double-blind randomised controlled study. Eur J Anaesthesiol. 2016 Aug;33(8):599-601. doi: 10.1097/EJA.0000000000000433. No abstract available. |
specific nerve block:ulnar nerve block
specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region
| BG002 | Group RA (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:radial nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| BG003 | Group ME (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:median nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| BG004 | Group A(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.125% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG005 | Group B(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.2% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG006 | Group C(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.25% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG007 | Group D(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.375% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG008 | Group E(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.5% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG009 | Group F(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.75% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine |
| BG010 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
specific nerve block:ulnar nerve block
specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region
| OG002 | Group RA (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:radial nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
| OG003 | Group ME (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:median nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region |
|
|
| Primary | Changes in Hemodynamic Parameters of Brachial Artery From Baseline to 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 2) | These parameters included peak systolic velocity (PSV, cm/s), end-diastolic velocity (EDV, cm/s), time average maximum velocity (TAMAX), resistance index (RI), and pulsatility index (PI),The cross-sectional area of the artery imaging.Blood flow (BF) = TAMAX× CSA×60s. Relative ratio of hemodymanic parameter=30 min after brachial plexus block divide by baseline | Posted | Median | Inter-Quartile Range | ratio | baseline, 30 min after brachial plexus block |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Changes in Skin Temperature From Baseline to 30 Min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30 Min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | Skin temperature(Ts) was measured at four different points within the cutaneous innervation areas of the musculocutaneous(lateral skin of forearm), ulnar(hypothenar region), radial (thumb-index web) and median(thenar) Specific points were located with skin marker to provide consistency of measurement. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | ℃ | baseline, 30 min after specific nerve block, 30 min after brachial plexus block |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Success of Brachial Plexus Block ( Phase 2) | Success of Brachial Plexus Block(BPB) was defined as the absence of sensation to in all innervation areas of above four nerves (musculocutaneous, ulnar, radial, and median nerves) 30min. after the BPB and no pain during the surgery. | Posted | Number | participants | 30 min after brachial plexus block |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Changes in Skin Temperature From Baseline to 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 2) | Skin temperature was measured at the thenar. change= 30min after brachial plexus block minus baseline | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | ℃ | Baseline,30 min after brachial plexus block |
|
|
|
| Primary | Changes in Cross-sectional Area of Radial/Ulnar Artery From Baseline to 30min After Specific Nerve Block Followed by 30min After Brachial Plexus Block(Phase 1) | The cross-sectional area(CSA, cm2) of Radial/ulnar Artery was assessed with B-mode imaging. Probe was kept perpendicular to the long axis of the artery to obtain the largest oval arterial section. The image at end diastole was chosen and measured with the cine loop. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | cm^2 | baseline(t0), 30 min after specific nerve block(t1), 30 min after brachial plexus block(t2) |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| 0 |
| EG001 | Group UL( Phase 1) | specific nerve block:ulnar nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG002 | Group RA (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:radial nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG003 | Group ME (Phase 1) | specific nerve block:median nerve block specific nerve block: specific nerve blocks of the musculocutaneous, radial, ulnar, or median nerves at axillary region | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG004 | Group A(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.125% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG005 | Group B(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.2% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG006 | Group C(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.25% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG007 | Group D(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.375% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG008 | Group E(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.5% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| EG009 | Group F(Phase 2) | 30ml ropivacaine 0.75% ropivacaine: Different concentration of ropivacaine | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
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| D000588 |
| Amines |
| Relative ratio of TAMAX |
|
| Relative ratio of BF |
|
| Relative ratio of PI |
|
| Relative ratio of RI |
|
| Ts MC t1 |
|
| Ts MC t2 |
|
| Ts UL t0 |
|
| Ts UL t1 |
|
| Ts UL t2 |
|
| Ts RA t0 |
|
| Ts RA t1 |
|
| Ts RA t2 |
|
| Ts ME t0 |
|
| Ts ME t1 |
|
| Ts ME t2 |
|
| CSA of radial artery T1 |
|
| CSA of radial artery T2 |
|
| CAS of ulnar artery T0 |
|
| CAS of ulnar artery T1 |
|
| CAS of ulnar artery T2 |
|