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The intercostobrachial nerve underlies many anatomical variations. For surgery of the upper arm the axilla is usually not anaesthetized by a brachial plexus block, which therefore needs to be completed by an intercostobrachial nerve block. The optimal access for an ultrasound guided block of the intercostobrachial nerve is not yet known. The investigators compare a proximal and a more distal approach to the nerve referred to onset time, sensory blocked area and duration.
The participants will be randomized into two groups:
Group one receives a modified PECS 2 (thoracic wall) block above the second intercostal space with injection between the Musculus serratus anterior and Musculus pectoralis minor.
Group 2 receives a subpectoral block under the pectoralis major muscle at the medial boarder of the axillary triangle.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Anterior musculus serratus block | Active Comparator | Proximal nerve block above the second intercostal space between Musculus serratus anterior and Musculus pectoralis minor. Intervention: 10ml ropivacain 0.5% |
|
| Subpectoral block | Active Comparator | Distal nerve block under the Musculus pectoralis major at the medial border of the axillary triangle. Intervention: 10ml ropivacain 0.5% |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 10ml ropivacain 0.5% | Drug | Ultrasound guided nerve block |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Blocked area in squared cm | Area of sensory loss to pin prick test | Assessment 30 minutes after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Block onset time in minutes | Onset time of complete analgesia. Assessment by pin prick test in the middle of the axilla | Complete timeframe of 45 minutes with testing every 5 minutes |
| Block duration in minutes |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Marienhospital Stuttgart, Dpt. of Anaesthesiology | Stuttgart | Baden-Wurttemberg | 70199 | Germany |
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Complete analgesia to pin prick in the middle of the axilla
| Assessment every 30 minutes for 8 hours after nerve block |
| The pain numeric rating scale (NRS) during surgical manipulation in the axilla | From beginning to end of surgery. Estimated mean duration of 90 minutes. |