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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| Touro University, California | OTHER |
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The purpose of this study is to find out how the amount of fat or sugar in a person's diet, or the number of meals eaten each day, affect the amount of fat that people's bodies make, the types of fats in the bloodstream, and how much fat is stored in the liver. The study is funded by the National Institutes of Health.
The study consists of two 10-day feeding periods that are separated by approximately two weeks. During each feeding period all food and beverages to be consumed will be provided by the study.
In Study 1, participants will be randomly assigned to receive one of two diets. Both diets are designed to maintain weight at a constant level. The diets are balanced nutritionally and have the same amount of protein. One diet has higher amounts of sugar, while the other has higher amounts of fat. For one 10-day period, the diet will be fed as two large meals ('meal-feeding'). For the other 10-day period, the identical diet will be fed as 8 small meals ('nibbling'). Half of the participants will meal-feed first, while the other half will 'nibble' first. The order of nibbling or meal feeding will be determined randomly.
In Study 2, the number of meals eaten per day will remain fixed at three (no nibbling or meal feeding). Participants will receive both the diet higher in sugar and the diet higher in fat. However, they will be randomly assigned to start one followed by the other for each 10-day feeding period.
At the end of each 10-day feeding period, participants will spend two nights in a research ward (Clinical Research Center) to undergo testing.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| High sugar/meal feed | Experimental | Diet high in simple sugar fed as two large meals daily |
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| High sugar/nibble | Experimental | Diet high in simple sugar fed as 8 small meals daily |
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| High fat/meal feed | Experimental | Diet high in fat fed as two large meals daily |
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| High fat/nibble | Experimental | Diet high in fat fed as 8 small meals daily |
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| High sugar/3 meals a day | Experimental | Diet high in simple sugar fed as 3 meals a day |
|
| High fat/ 3 meals a day | Experimental |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| High sugar/meal feed | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in sugar fed as two large meals daily |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of meal composition on fractional de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) | Differences between high carbohydrate and high fat diets on postprandial de novo lipogenesis De novo lipogenesis will be measured using stable (not radioactive) isotopes given intravenously and orally during feeding. | After 10-day dietary period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Effect of meal frequency on fractional de novo lipogenesis (fatty acid synthesis) | Differences between consuming the same diet as eight small meals per day or two larger meals per day on postprandial de novo lipogenesis. Please see description of measurement of de novo lipogenesis under aim 1. | After 10-day dietary period |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Liver fat content | Effects of diet composition or meal frequency on fat stored in the liver. Liver fat content will be measured non-invasively using magnetic resonance spectroscopy. | After 10-day dietary period |
| Lipids and lipoproteins in the blood |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Kathleen Mulligan, PhD | University of California, San Francisco | Principal Investigator |
| Jean-Marc Schwarz, PhD | Touro University, California | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| University of California, San Franciso, San Francisco General Hospital | San Francisco | California | 94110 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D001835 | Body Weight |
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Diet high in fat fed as 3 meals a day |
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| High sugar/nibble | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in sugar fed as 8 meals daily |
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| High fat/meal feed | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in fat fed as two large meals daily |
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| High fat/nibble | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in fat fed as 8 small meals daily |
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| High sugar/ 3 meals a day | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in sugar fed as 3 meals daily |
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| High fat/ 3 meals a day | Other | Weight-maintaining diet relatively high in fat fed as 3 meals daily |
|
Effects of diet composition or meal frequency on the types of fats in the bloodstream that might affect risk of heart disease.
The types of fats in the bloodstream will be measured in blood samples collected while the participant is fasting and also during the stable isotope/feeding study of de novo lipogenesis.
| After 10-day dietary intervention period |
| D012816 |
| Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |