The objective of the study is to determine the relative roles for various testing modalities in the diagnosis and prognosis of mild traumatic brain injury.

Subjects will undergo functional brain testing (magnetoencephalography, electroencephalography), anatomical brain imaging (diffusion tensor imaging, susceptibility-weighted imaging), neuropsychological testing (memory, language, processing speed), sleep patterns using actigraphy, and blood testing of candidate biomarkers. Testing will be done at 3 time points post-injury: 1 day, 14 days, and 30 days post-injury. Analysis of these tests collectively will be used to develop diagnostic tools for acute mTBI.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Civilian (non-military) presenting to HMH ED.

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Prior history of diagnosed TBI.
2. Other significant non-head injury/trauma or open wound.
3. Other significant medical co-morbidities, such as heart disease or cancer.
4. Self-reported current use or substances contributing to ED visit (e.g. illicit drugs, medications, alcohol abuse).
5. Currently diagnosed psychological condition (e.g. depression, PTSD).
6. Medications for psychological or neurological disorder.
7. Any implanted metal, such as medical device or braces on teeth.
8. Injury to the back or other injury that will make it difficult for the participant to tolerate tests.
9. Injury to dominant arm that would cause difficulty using computer or responding to stimuli during functional imaging.
10. Pregnancy.

Study participants (control, mTBI) will be referred by the Huntington Hospital Emergency Department staff. ED staff will determine the eligibility criteria. If consent is achieved, testing will occur at pre-determined times: 1 day, 14 days, and 30 days post-injury.