Epidural Low Dose Morphine in Postoperative Pain After Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery

The Effect of Epidural Low-dose Morphine-soaked Microfibrillar Collagen Sponge in Postoperative Pain Control After Posterior Lumbar Spinal Surgery: a Randomized, Double-blind, Placebo-controlled

The effect of epidural low-dose morphine-soaked microfibrillar collagen sponge in postoperative pain control after posterior lumbar spinal surgery: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age > 18 Yrs
• Good orientation and communication

Exclusion Criteria:

• opioids or sulfonamides allergy
• Contraindication for use
• Epidural morphine
• Selective COX 2 inhibitor
• Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA)
• ASA class > 3
• BMI ≥ 35 kg/sq.m.
• Preoperative use of opioids within 6 Wks
• Intraoperative bleeding > 1000ml