CSF Cholinergic Biomarkers and Postoperative Cognitive Change

Cerebrospinal Fluid Cholinergic Biomarkers and Postoperative Cognitive Change in Aged Patients

Previous study demonstrated that the condition of central cholinergic nerve is important for the postoperative cognitive dysfunction. In present study investigators hypothesized that the acetylcholine concentration in the cerebral spinal fluid is associated to the postoperative cognitive changes in aged patients undergoing osteopathic surgery.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Elder than 60 years old
• Spoke proficient Mandarin Chinese
• Agree to undergoing spinal plus general anesthesia
• Selected total knee replacement surgery

Exclusion Criteria:

• Patients with neurological and/or psychiatric diseases, including AD, stroke and psychosis
• Have contraindication for spinal anesthesia such as clotting disorder local infection in the puncture site
• Existing cognitive impairment as evidenced by Mini-Mental State Examination scores below 24
• Several audition or vision disorder
• Unwillingness to comply with the protocol or procedures.