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The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possibility of drug interactions before and after taking red ginseng or fermented-red ginseng by estimating metabolic rate of indicator drugs for cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fermented-red ginseng | Experimental | At period 1, the fermented-red ginseng group administered CYP cocktail (Caffeine 200mg + Losartan 50mg + Omeprazole 20mg + Dextromethorphan 30mg + Midazolam 7.5mg) under fasting conditions on the first day. At second day, they administered Fexofenadine 30mg under fasting conditions. During 4~17th days they administered fermented-red ginseng. At period 2, the fermented-red ginseng group administered CYP cocktail (Caffeine 200mg + Losartan 50mg + Omeprazole 20mg + Dextromethorphan 30mg + Midazolam 7.5mg) under fasting conditions on the 15th day. At 16th day, they administered Fexofenadine 30mg under fasting conditions. |
|
| Red ginseng | Experimental | At period 1, the red ginseng group administered CYP cocktail (Caffeine 200mg + Losartan 50mg + Omeprazole 20mg + Dextromethorphan 30mg + Midazolam 7.5mg) under fasting conditions on the first day. At second day, they administered Fexofenadine 30mg under fasting conditions. During 4~17th days they administered red ginseng. At period 2, the red ginseng group administered CYP cocktail (Caffeine 200mg + Losartan 50mg + Omeprazole 20mg + Dextromethorphan 30mg + Midazolam 7.5mg) under fasting conditions on the 15th day. At 16th day, they administered Fexofenadine 30mg under fasting conditions. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CYP cocktail | Drug | Each group administered CYP cocktail (Caffeine 200mg + Losartan 50mg + Omeprazole 20mg + Dextromethorphan 30mg + Midazolam 7.5mg) under fasting conditions. |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum plasma concentration (Cmax) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h | |
| Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUClast) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the plasma concentration curve (AUCinf) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h | |
| First time to reach Cmax (Tmax) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| AUClast ratio | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h / Urine for Losartan and Dextromethorphan: 0-4, 4-8, 8-12 h | Up to last analysis time of each drug and concentration ratio of drug/metabolite in plasma and urine samples of various sampling time |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Dal-Sik Kim, PhD, MD | Laboratory medicine | Principal Investigator |
| Min-Gul Kim, MD | Biomedical Research Institute | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Clinical Trial Center of Chonbuk National University Hospital | Jeonju | Jeollabuk-do | South Korea |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 27746690 | Derived | Kim DS, Kim Y, Jeon JY, Kim MG. Effect of Red Ginseng on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein activities in healthy volunteers. J Ginseng Res. 2016 Oct;40(4):375-381. doi: 10.1016/j.jgr.2015.11.005. Epub 2015 Dec 17. | |
| 27495955 | Derived | Kim MG, Kim Y, Jeon JY, Kim DS. Effect of fermented red ginseng on cytochrome P450 and P-glycoprotein activity in healthy subjects, as evaluated using the cocktail approach. Br J Clin Pharmacol. 2016 Dec;82(6):1580-1590. doi: 10.1111/bcp.13080. Epub 2016 Oct 9. |
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|
| Fexofenadine 30mg | Drug | Each group administered Fexofenadine 30mg under fasting conditions. |
|
| Red ginseng | Dietary Supplement | During 4~17th days, end of the period 1, the group of red ginseng administered red ginseng extract. |
|
| Fermented-red ginseng | Dietary Supplement | During 4~17th days, end of the period 1, the group of fermented-red ginseng administered fermented-red ginseng extract. |
|
| Terminal half-life (t1/2) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h |
| Apparent Total Body Clearance (CL/F) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h |
| Apparent Volume of Distribution (Vd/F) | CYP cocktail: 0, 0.25, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 24 h / Fexofenadine: 0, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.5, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24, 48 h |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D002110 | Caffeine |
| D019808 | Losartan |
| D009853 | Omeprazole |
| D003915 | Dextromethorphan |
| D008874 | Midazolam |
| C093230 | fexofenadine |
| C000713447 | Asian ginseng |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014970 | Xanthines |
| D000470 | Alkaloids |
| D006571 | Heterocyclic Compounds |
| D011688 | Purinones |
| D011687 | Purines |
| D006574 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 2-Ring |
| D000072471 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Fused-Ring |
| D001713 | Biphenyl Compounds |
| D001555 | Benzene Derivatives |
| D006841 | Hydrocarbons, Aromatic |
| D006844 | Hydrocarbons, Cyclic |
| D006838 | Hydrocarbons |
| D009930 | Organic Chemicals |
| D007093 | Imidazoles |
| D001393 | Azoles |
| D006573 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 1-Ring |
| D013777 | Tetrazoles |
| D053799 | 2-Pyridinylmethylsulfinylbenzimidazoles |
| D013454 | Sulfoxides |
| D013457 | Sulfur Compounds |
| D011725 | Pyridines |
| D001562 | Benzimidazoles |
| D009019 | Morphinans |
| D053610 | Opiate Alkaloids |
| D006572 | Heterocyclic Compounds, Bridged-Ring |
| D006576 | Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings |
| D010616 | Phenanthrenes |
| D011084 | Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons |
| D011083 | Polycyclic Compounds |
| D001569 | Benzodiazepines |
| D001552 | Benzazepines |
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