This trial is an prospective, government-funded registration study that will observe the safety and effectiveness of intracranial stenting for preventing stroke during a mean follow-up of 12 months in patients with symptomatic stenosis of a major intracranial artery (MCA, carotid, vertebral, basilar). This trial will be launched by Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, with 20 collaborators participating. Enrollment will begin in 2013, and it aims to have a sample size of 840 subjects in 2 years. The trial is scheduled to complete in 2015.

As we know, SAMMPRIS is flawed with defect in design, heterogeneity in experience and credentials of operators and high rate of complication; Whether the interventional therapy for symtomatic intracranial artery stenosis is effective or not remained resolved. This trial has been modified based on SAMMPRIS in order to acquire the data for China: Technique, experience, and credential of the operators are closely related with perioperative complications in PTAS. The investigators select 50 large-scale medical centers for participation on the basis of geographical distribution. All the participants are ranked as top in China. They have the most experienced surgeons or interventionist in China, and are fully qualified for this trial. This will guarantee the success and safety of technique, maintain the continuity of operator's experience, and make the complication rate as low as possible.

Title:Clinical Registration Trial of Intracranial Stenting for Patients With Symptomatic Intracranial Artery Stenosis:A Prospective Multi-center, Registry Trial

Design of trial:

This trial is an prospective, government-funded registration study that will observe the safety and effectiveness of intracranial stenting for preventing stroke during a mean follow-up of 3 years in patients with symptomatic stenosis of a major intracranial artery (MCA, carotid, vertebral, basilar). This trial was launched by Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, with 40 collaborators participating. Enrollment will begin in 2013, and it aims to have a sample size of 840 subjects in 2 years. The trial is scheduled to complete in 2015.

Details:

SAMMPRIS (Stenting vs. Aggressive Medical Management for Preventing Recurrent Stroke in Intracranial Stenosis) hasn't received the expected results; But, it does not mean that angioplasty with stent on intracranial treatment come to a full stop. On the contrary, a discrepancy on reported data between multi-centre RCT and most single center studies urges us for thorough investigation in future.

As we know, SAMMPRIS is flawed with defect in design, heterogeneity in experience and credentials of operators and high rate of complication; Some questions about SAMMPRIS have been raised, and remained unresolved.

This trial has been modified based on SAMMPRIS in order to acquire the data for China: Technique, experience, and credential of the operators are closely related with perioperative complications in PTAS. The investigators select 40 large-scale medical centers for participation on the basis of geographical distribution. All the participants are ranked as top in China. They have the most experienced surgeons or interventionist in China, and are fully qualified for this trial. This will guarantee the success and safety of technique, maintain the continuity of operator's experience, and make the complication rate as low as possible.

SAMMPRIS was stopped ahead of schedule due to the safety concern. More than half of the PTAS patients were lost for follow-up at 1 year, and the remaining were followed up with a mean duration less than 1 year. It leaves the question of long-time follow-up data open. Base on SAMMPRIS, the investigators' trial will conduct a systematic follow-up system. Upon recruitment, all the patients' neurological and imaging examination will be determined at baseline, 1 week, 1 month, 6 months , 12 months after surgery, respectively.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Symptomatic status: as evidenced by TIA or non-severe stroke within the past 12 months attributed to 70% to 99% stenosis of a major intracranial artery (carotid artery, MCA stem [M1], vertebral artery, or basilar artery).
• Degree of stenosis: 70%-99%; (Stenosis must be confirmed by catheter angiography for enrollment in the trial,WASID method)
• Age:30-80 years;
• No fresh infarctions identified on MRI (indicated as high signals on DWI series) upon enrollment
• No massive cerebral infarction (>1/2 MCA territory), intracranial hemorrhage, epidural or sub-dural hemorrhage, and intracranial brain tumor on CT or MRI scan
• mRS scale score of <=2
• Target vessel reference diameter must be measure d to be 2.00 mm to 4.50 mm; target area of stenosis is <=14 mm in length
• Patient is willing and able to return for all follow-up visits required by the protocol
• Patient understands the purpose and requirements of the study, can make him/herself understood, and has signed informed consent.

Exclusion Criteria:

• Untoward reaction to anesthesia.
• Any condition that precludes proper angiographic assessment or makes percutaneous arterial access unsafe.
• Tandem extracranial or intracranial stenosis that is proximal or distal to the target intracranial lesion
• Previous treatment of target lesion with a stent, angioplasty, or other mechanical device.
• Any aneurysm proximal to or distal to stenotic intracranial artery. Intracranial tumor (except meningioma) or any intracranial vascular malformation
• Computed tomographic or angiographic evidence of severe calcification at target lesion
• Stroke of sufficient size (>5cm on CT or MRI) to place patient at risk of hemorrhagic conversion during the procedure.Hemorrhagic transformation of an ischemic stroke within the past 15 days.
• Previous spontaneous intracerebral (parenchymal) or other intracranial (subarachnoid, subdural, or epidural) hemorrhage within 30 days
• Untreated chronic subdural hematoma >5 mm in thickness
• Intracranial arterial stenosis related to arterial dissection, moya-moya disease or any known vasculitic disease;
• MI within previous 30 days
• Any episode of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation within the past 6 months, or history of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation requiring chronic anticoagulation
• Intolerance or allergic reaction to any of the study medications, including aspirin, clopidogrel, heparin, nitinol, and local or general anaesthesia History of life-threatening allergy to contrast dye. If not life-threatening and can be effectively pretreated, patient can be enrolled at physicians discretion
• Recent GI bleed that would interfere with antiplatelet therapy. Active bleeding diathesis or coagulopathy; active peptic ulcer disease, major systemic hemorrhage within 30 days, active bleeding diathesis, platelets count <125,000, hematocrit <30, Hgb <10 g/dl, uncorrected INR >1.5, bleeding time >1 minute beyond upper limit normal, or heparin-associated thrombocytopenia that increases the risk of bleeding, uncontrolled severe hypertension (systolic BP>180 mm hg or diastolic BP>115 mm hg), severe liver impairment (AST or ALT >3 times normal, cirrhosis), creatinine >265.2μmol/l (unless on dialysis)
• Major surgery (including open femoral, aortic, or carotid surgery) within previous 30 days or planned in the next 90 days after enrollment
• Severe dementia or psychiatric problem that prevents the patient from following an outpatient program reliably
• Pregnancy or of childbearing potential and unwilling to use contraception for the duration of this study

This trial is an prospective, government-funded registration study that will observe the safety and effectiveness of intracranial stenting for preventing stroke during a mean follow-up of 3 years in patients with symptomatic stenosis of a major intracranial artery (MCA, carotid, vertebral, basilar). This trial was launched by Xuanwu Hospital, Capital University of Medical Science, with 20 collaborators participating. Enrollment will begin in 2013, and it aims to have a sample size of 840 subjects in 2 years. The trial is scheduled to complete in 2015.