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The importance of fluoridated water to control caries is well recognized. Although the mode of action of fluoridated water is known (related to a slight increase in fluoride concentration in saliva/dental biofilm in individuals living in fluoridated areas), the kinetics of fluoride concentration in saliva after ingestion of food prepared with fluoridated water, either from fluoride remaining in the oral cavity after mastication, or from fluoride returning from salivary secretion is not known in details. Therefore, the aim of this study is to assess fluoride bioavailability after ingestion of food prepared with fluoridated water. The study will be in vivo, crossover and double blind, in which 12 adult volunteers will participate. In 4 experimental phases, volunteers will ingest: a. a typical Brazilian meal cooked with non-fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F); b. a typical Brazilian meal cooked with fluoridated water (1 ppm F); c. non fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F) and d. fluoridated water (1 ppm F). Immediately before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120, 180 minutes after the ingestion, a blood sample will be collected by digital puncture, and a sample of unstimulated saliva will be collected. Fluoride concentration in the samples will be determined by an ion specific electrode adapted for microanalysis. Results will be analyzed by ANOVA, with significance limit of 5%.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Meal prepared with non fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F) | Experimental |
| |
| Meal prepared with fluoridated water (1 ppm F) | Experimental |
| |
| Non fluoridated water (<0.1 ppm F) | Experimental |
| |
| Fluoridated water (1 ppm F) | Experimental |
| |
| Pilot study: Meal providing a fluoride dose of 60 ug F/kg | Experimental |
| |
| Pilot study: Meal providing a fluoride dose of 120 ug F/kg | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Meal prepared with non fluoridated water | Other | Ingestion of a typical brazilian meal (rice, beans, meat, french beans, carrots, gelatin and juice) prepared with purified water containing a fluoride dose of 0.8 ug of fluoride/kg body weight (resulting of the natural fluoride concentration in foods). |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the curve of plasma fluoride concentration versus time after water or food ingestion | A microsample of blood will be collected by digital puncture before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 min after treatments, to calculate the area under the curve of fluoride concentration in the plasma | 180 minutes |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the curve of salivary fluoride concentration versus time after water or food ingestion | A sample of unstimulated saliva will be collected by digital puncture before and 5, 10, 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 min after treatments, to calculate the area under the curve of fluoride concentration in saliva | 180 minutes |
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Inclusion criteria:
Exclusion criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Livia MA Tenuta, PhD | Piracicaba Dental School, Unversity of Campinas | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas | Piracicaba | São Paulo | 13414903 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 23295625 | Background | Falcao A, Tenuta LM, Cury JA. Fluoride gastrointestinal absorption from Na2FPO3/CaCO3- and NaF/SiO2-based toothpastes. Caries Res. 2013;47(3):226-33. doi: 10.1159/000346006. Epub 2012 Dec 29. | |
| 16304442 | Background | Cury JA, Del Fiol FS, Tenuta LM, Rosalen PL. Low-fluoride dentifrice and gastrointestinal fluoride absorption after meals. J Dent Res. 2005 Dec;84(12):1133-7. doi: 10.1177/154405910508401208. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Research facilities | View source |
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|
| Meal prepared with fluoridated water | Other | Ingestion of a typical brazilian meal (rice, beans, meat, french beans, carrots, gelatin and juice) prepared with fluoridated water (1 ug of fluoride/mL), to provide a total intake of approximately 12 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Non fluoridated water | Other | Ingestion of purified water with addition of fluoride to provide a total intake of approximately 0.8 ug of fluoride/kg body weight, which represented the same fluoride ingestion dose of the experimental phase with meal prepared with non fluoridated water. |
|
| Fluoridated water | Other | Ingestion of fluoridated water (1 ug F/mL), to provide a total intake of approximately 12 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Meal prepared to provide a fluoride dose of 60 ug F/kg | Other | Ingestion of a typical Brazilian meal (rice, beans, meat, french beans, carrots, gelatin and juice) prepared with non-fluoridated water, with sodium fluoride solution added to the juice to provide a total intake of approximately 60 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Meal prepared to provide a fluoride dose of 120 ug F/kg | Other | Ingestion of a typical Brazilian meal (rice, beans, meat, french beans, carrots, gelatin and juice) prepared with non-fluoridated water, with sodium fluoride solution added to the juice to provide a total intake of approximately 60 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Maximum fluoride concentration in saliva after water or food ingestion |
| 180 minutes |
| Maximum fluoride concentration in plasma after water or food ingestion | 180 minutes |
| 17589752 | Background | Casarin RC, Fernandes DR, Lima-Arsati YB, Cury JA. [Fluoride concentrations in typical Brazilian foods and in infant foods]. Rev Saude Publica. 2007 Aug;41(4):549-56. doi: 10.1590/s0034-89102006005000034. Portuguese. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003731 | Dental Caries |
| D009050 | Fluorosis, Dental |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D017001 | Tooth Demineralization |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D000094603 | Dental Enamel Hypomineralization |
| D000094602 | Developmental Defects of Enamel |
| D014071 | Tooth Abnormalities |
| D018640 | Stomatognathic System Abnormalities |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
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