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The risk of dental fluorosis development is related to the systemic exposure to fluoride during enamel formation. Currently, diet and fluoride toothpastes are the main sources of fluoride to children at the age-risk for fluorosis development. However, when estimating the risk of fluorosis from toothpaste inadvertently ingested, it has not been considered the systemic fluoride bioavailability. Since some toothpaste formulations may contain part of fluoride as insoluble salts, the hypothesis behind this study is that only soluble fluoride in toothpastes would be absorbed when they are inadvertently ingested. To test that, adult volunteers will ingest a standardized dose of total fluoride from commercially available toothpastes, which present different concentrations of soluble fluoride. Fluoride systemic bioavailability will be assessed by the release of fluoride in saliva up to 3 hours after ingestion (as an indicator of blood fluoride) and by urinary fluoride excretion.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Fresh NaF/SiO2 toothpaste | Experimental |
| |
| Purified water | Placebo Comparator |
| |
| Aged NaF/SiO2 toothpaste | Experimental |
| |
| Fresh MFP/CaCO3 toothpaste | Experimental |
| |
| Aged MFP/CaCO3 toothpaste | Experimental |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Purified water | Drug | Ingestion of 30 mL of purified water |
| |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Area under the curve of salivary fluoride concentration versus time after toothpaste ingestion | Saliva will be collected before and up to 3 hours after ingestion of the toothpastes or negative control. Collections (during 3 min) will be made at 0 (immediately before ingestion), 15, 30, 45, 60, 120 and 180 min after ingestion. | 3 hours |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Maximum concentration of fluoride in saliva after toothpaste ingestion | Saliva collected up to 3 hours after the ingestion of toothpastes or negative control will be analyzed for fluoride concentration and the maximum concentration during this period will be recorded. | 3 hours |
| Urinary fluoride excretion (24-h) after toothpaste ingestion |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Livia MA Tenuta, PhD | Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Piracicaba Dental School, University of Campinas | Piracicaba | São Paulo | 13414903 | Brazil |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16304442 | Background | Cury JA, Del Fiol FS, Tenuta LM, Rosalen PL. Low-fluoride dentifrice and gastrointestinal fluoride absorption after meals. J Dent Res. 2005 Dec;84(12):1133-7. doi: 10.1177/154405910508401208. | |
| 21180793 | Background | Cury JA, Oliveira MJ, Martins CC, Tenuta LM, Paiva SM. Available fluoride in toothpastes used by Brazilian children. Braz Dent J. 2010;21(5):396-400. doi: 10.1590/s0103-64402010000500003. |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| Research facilities | View source |
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| Fresh MFP/CaCO3 toothpaste |
| Drug |
Ingestion of 31.9 mg of a fresh toothpaste containing 1450 ppm total fluoride per kg body weight, diluted in 30 mL of purified water, to provide a total intake of 49.5 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Fresh NaF/SiO2 toothpaste | Drug | Ingestion of 49.5 mg of a fresh toothpaste containing 1100 ppm total fluoride per kg body weight, diluted in 30 mL of purified water, to provide a total intake of 49.5 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. |
|
| Aged NaF/SiO2 toothpaste | Drug | Ingestion of 49.5 mg of a toothpaste containing 1100 ppm total fluoride per kg body weight, diluted in 30 mL of purified water, to provide a total intake of 49.5 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. The toothpaste had been previously aged to simulate one year storage at room temperature. |
|
| Aged MFP/CaCO3 toothpaste | Drug | Ingestion of 31.9 mg of a toothpaste containing 1450 ppm total fluoride per kg body weight, diluted in 30 mL of purified water, to provide a total intake of 49.5 ug of fluoride/kg body weight. The toothpaste had been previously aged to simulate one year storage at room temperature. |
|
Urine will be collected for the 24 hours preceeding the ingestion of the toothpastes or negative control and for the 24 hours after the ingestion. The difference in the amount of fluoride excreted in 24h urine samples, after or before the treatments, will be calculated. |
| 48 hours |
| 22163207 | Background | Martins CC, Oliveira MJ, Pordeus IA, Cury JA, Paiva SM. Association between socioeconomic factors and the choice of dentifrice and fluoride intake by children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2011 Nov;8(11):4284-99. doi: 10.3390/ijerph8114284. Epub 2011 Nov 10. |
| 23295625 | Derived | Falcao A, Tenuta LM, Cury JA. Fluoride gastrointestinal absorption from Na2FPO3/CaCO3- and NaF/SiO2-based toothpastes. Caries Res. 2013;47(3):226-33. doi: 10.1159/000346006. Epub 2012 Dec 29. |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009050 | Fluorosis, Dental |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000094603 | Dental Enamel Hypomineralization |
| D000094602 | Developmental Defects of Enamel |
| D014071 | Tooth Abnormalities |
| D018640 | Stomatognathic System Abnormalities |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
| D000013 | Congenital Abnormalities |
| D009358 | Congenital, Hereditary, and Neonatal Diseases and Abnormalities |
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