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Currently, about one third of all women entering pregnancy are obese. The prevalence of metabolic disorders during pregnancy has increased concurrently with the rise in maternal obesity. Although dietary interventions are used routinely to reduce metabolic disease in non-pregnant obese individuals, no specific dietary advice is provided to obese, pregnant women unless they develop gestational diabetes mellitus. In this study, the investigators will specifically assess the effect of replacing dairy fats with almonds in a breakfast meal on the postprandial metabolic response. This cross-over, randomized control trial will examine the postprandial metabolic response to 0 or 2 oz of almonds in standardized test meals in pregnant Hispanic women with prepregnancy BMI between 25 and 40. Hispanics are at higher risk for gestational diabetes and the metabolic syndrome. The investigators hypothesize that consuming almonds in place of dairy fat reduces the glycemic response and improves the postprandial lipid profile in these high-risk women.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control Meal: Bagel, cream cheese | Active Comparator | Control meal consists of bagel with cream cheese and apple juice. |
|
| Almond Meal: Bagel, almond butter | Experimental | Almond meal consists of bagel with almond butter and apple juice. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Bagel | Other |
| ||
| Cream Cheese |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in markers for glucose intolerance. | After consuming the breakfast meal markers for glucose intolerance will be measured at the time points listed | 0, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours following a meal |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in metabolic markers | After consuming the breakfast meal metabolic markers will be measured at the time points listed. | 0, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours following a meal |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in satiety markers | After consuming the breakfast meal satiety markers will be measured at the time points listed. Satiety questionnaires will also be given at the listed time points and food intake from a buffet will be measured. | 0, .5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 hours following a meal |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Janet C King, PhD | Children's Hospital & Research Institute Oakland | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Children's Hospital Oakland Research Institute | Oakland | California | 94609 | United States |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D016640 | Diabetes, Gestational |
| D007333 | Insulin Resistance |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D011248 | Pregnancy Complications |
| D005261 | Female Urogenital Diseases and Pregnancy Complications |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D003920 | Diabetes Mellitus |
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| Other |
|
| Almond Butter | Other |
|
| D044882 | Glucose Metabolism Disorders |
| D008659 | Metabolic Diseases |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
| D004700 | Endocrine System Diseases |
| D006946 | Hyperinsulinism |