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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| RRISIQ | UNKNOWN |
| Laval University | OTHER |
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Progressive muscle relaxation (PMR) and autogenic training (AT) are effective relaxation techniques to reduce depressive symptoms. However, no studies on their effectiveness have been conducted among people living with HIV and depressive symptoms. The primary aim of this pilot study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of PMR and AT interventions among people living with HIV who have depressive symptoms. A secondary aim was to assess the potential effectiveness of these interventions on depressive symptoms and quality of life.
This study was a three-arm pilot randomized control trial with mixed methods. Participants were randomized to PMR, AT, or control group (CG), with four assessments (baseline, one-, three-, and six-month). The PMR and AT interventions consisted of six one-hour sessions of individual training over 12 weeks and home practice. Recruitment, attrition, and completion rates were calculated. Depressive symptoms and quality of life were assessed at all times. Participants' perceptions of the interventions were collected in semi-structured interviews.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Jacobson progressive muscular relaxation | Experimental | Jacobson progressive muscular relaxation |
|
| Schultz's autogenic training | Experimental | Schultz's autogenic training |
|
| control | No Intervention | The CG continued to receive their standard care. After data collection at the six-month follow-up, the CG participants were invited to attend one of two relaxation interventions. |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Jacobson progressive muscular relaxation | Behavioral | PMR involves learning to identify the tension in specific muscle groups by tightening and relaxing each muscle group. It includes three different exercises: 1) contraction-relaxation of 12 large muscle groups in the arms, legs, and trunk; 2) identification and relaxation of tensions without the need for movement or contractions; and 3) contraction-relaxation of 12 small muscle groups in the neck, eyes, and mouth |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessed at 3 months | Depressive symptoms at 3 months will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | baseline and 3 months |
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) assessed at 6 months | Depressive symptoms at 6 months will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | baseline and 6 months |
| Change from baseline in depressive symptoms measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9)assessed at 1 month | Depressive symptoms at 1 month will be measured with Personal Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) | baseline and 1 month |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in quality of life measured with (MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV assessed at 6 months | Quality of life at 6 months will be measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV | baseline and 6 months |
| Change from baseline in quality of life measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV assessed at 3 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change from baseline in viral load assessed at 6 months | Change from baseline in viral load assessed at 6 months | baseline and 6 months |
| Change from baseline in CD4+ T cells count at 6 months | Change from baseline in CD4+ T cells count at 6 months |
Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Pilar Ramirez Garcia, PhD | Université de Montréal | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Research center CHUM | Montreal | Quebec | H2X 0A9 | Canada |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 36528982 | Derived | Ramirez Garcia MP, Leclerc-Loiselle J, Cote J, Brouillette MJ, Thomas R. Effect of autogenic training on quality of life and symptoms in people living with HIV: A mixed method randomized controlled trial. Complement Ther Clin Pract. 2023 Feb;50:101716. doi: 10.1016/j.ctcp.2022.101716. Epub 2022 Dec 13. | |
| 32621729 | Derived |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D003863 | Depression |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001526 | Behavioral Symptoms |
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Schultz's autogenic training | Behavioral | AT is a relaxation technique that is based on body attitude, reduction of exterior stimulation, inner concentration, and mental repetition of verbal formulas [28]. These formulas are organized into six exercises: 1) heaviness; 2) warmth; 3) calm and regular heart function; 4) self-regulation of respiration; 5) warmth in the upper abdominal area; and 6) agreeable cooling of the forehead. |
|
Quality of life at 3 months will be measured with MOS-HIV) Medical Outcome Study-HIV |
| baseline and 3 months |
| baseline and 6 months |
| Ramirez-Garcia MP, Leclerc-Loiselle J, Gagnon MP, Cote J, Brouillette MJ, Thomas R. A mixed-method randomized feasibility trial evaluating progressive muscle relaxation or autogenic training on depressive symptoms and quality of life in people living with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) who have depressive symptoms. J Complement Integr Med. 2020 Jul 3;18(1):165-174. doi: 10.1515/jcim-2019-0167. |