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The purpose of this study is to test the overall effects of incentives on physical activity among older taxi drivers, and whether mental accounting exists in this context.
As part of the 4-month Randomized Controlled Trial, participating taxi drivers will be assigned to 1 of 2 groups where they will receive either cash or taxi rental credits for meeting specified monthly step goals measured via a step counter. Subsequently, for an additional 3 months, drivers will be incentivized to wear step counters to test if effects of the rewards are sustained once the reward is no longer in place. Effects will be quantified in terms of step activity; and in terms of changes in Body Mass Index (BMI), Resting Heart Rate (HR), Blood Pressure (BP), self-reported General Health, Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QOL) and work productivity.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cash Only (CO) | Experimental | As part of the Incentive-based physical activity program, drivers assigned to the Cash Only (CO) arm will earn incentives in the form of cash for meeting specified monthly step goals from Months 1 to 4. |
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| Mental-Accounting (MA) based | Experimental | As part of the Incentive-based physical activity program, drivers assigned to the Mental-Accounting (MA) based arm will receive incentives in the form of taxi rental credits for meeting specified monthly step goals from Months 1 to 4. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Incentive-based physical activity program | Behavioral | Drivers will be offered rewards valued at a day's rental for meeting daily step targets over the specified number of days each month from Months 1 to 4, where steps will be tracked by a step counter. They will also be offered incentives for meeting the following criteria:
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Steps taken | Steps will be assessed using Fitbit, which has an in-built 3-axis accelerometer that measures motion patterns. This will be evaluated monthly, from pre-Baseline through Month 7. | 7 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Body Mass Index (BMI) | BMI will be evaluated using measured height and weight, and will be assessed at Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. | 7 months |
| Resting Heart Rate | Resting Heart Rate will be evaluated using a clinically validated machine (Welch Allyn SPOT Vital Signs Monitor), and will be assessed at Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Eric A Finkelstein, Ph.D, M.H.A. | Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School | Singapore | Singapore | 169857 | Singapore |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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| 3-month follow up | Behavioral | After the 4-month RCT, drivers will be incentivized to wear the step counter for another 3 months (i.e. Months 5 to 7) to test if effects of the rewards are sustained once the reward is no longer in place. For wearing their step counter and providing their step data, drivers will receive a modest cash incentive (amounting to SGD10) each month as well as the chance to win 1 of 3 cash prizes valued at SGD500. |
|
| 7 months |
| Blood Pressure | Blood pressure will be evaluated using a clinically validated machine (Welch Allyn SPOT Vital Signs Monitor), and will be assessed at Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. | 7 months |
| Self-reported General Health | Self-reported General Health will be evaluated using a validated survey instrument (SF12), and will be assessed at Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. | 7 months |
| Health-Related Quality of Life (HR-QOL) | Health-Related Quality of Life will be evaluated using a validated instrument (EQ-5D), and will be assessed at Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. | 7 months |
| Work Productivity | Work Productivity will be evaluated using a validated instrument (Work Productivity Activity Impairment Questionnaire) and other work-related data, and will be assessed throughout Months 0 (Baseline), 4 and 7. | 7 months |