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The purpose of this study is to investigate the effectiveness of using incentives to encourage adults to be physically active.
The investigators developed the Physical Activity Loyalty Card (PAL) Scheme which integrates a novel physical activity tracking system with web-based monitoring and nudge initiatives. The tracking system used Near-Field Communication (NFC) technology and a "loyalty card" (PAL Card) which contained a passive Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) tag. Sensors were placed along footpaths in the outdoor environment, in the gym and exercise studio, and participants scanned their PAL card at the sensor when doing physical activity (e.g. walking). A transaction (card ID, sensor ID, and timestamp) was recorded and sent via SMS to a secure data centre. Participants logged onto a personal account on the study website (www.palcard.co.uk) and received real-time feedback on various aspects of their physical activity including minutes, distance and calories expended.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Incentive | Experimental | Participants use their PAL card to self-monitor physical activity levels (intrinsic motivation) and minutes of physical activity were converted to points (1 minute of physical activity = 1 point; capped at 30 points per day) over the 12-week intervention period. Points are redeemed for rewards (extrinsic motivation) at week 6 and week 12. |
|
| No Incentive | Active Comparator | Participants used their PAL card to self-monitor their physical activity levels (intrinsic motivation) over the 12-week intervention period but do not collect points or earn rewards. |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Non-cash incentives | Behavioral | Participants used their PAL card to self-monitor physical activity levels (intrinsic motivation) and minutes of physical activity were converted to points (1 minute of PA = 1 point; capped at 30 points per day) over the 12-week intervention period. Points were redeemed for rewards (extrinsic motivation) at week 6 and week 12. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Physical activity | change in moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA)measured using the Global Physical Activity Questionnaire (GPAQ); MVPA using an objective physical activity measure (physical activity tracking system) | baseline, week 12 and 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| SF-8 | health | baseline, week 12 and 6 months |
| Euroqol 5D | Quality of life | baseline, week 12 and 6 months |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Frank Kee | Queen's University, Belfast | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Queen's University Belfast | Belfast | Antrim | BT12 6BJ | United Kingdom |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015438 | Health Behavior |
| D009043 | Motor Activity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001519 | Behavior |
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|
| Self-monitoring physical activity levels | Behavioral | For those in the 'No Incentive' arm, participants used their PAL card to self-monitor their physical activity levels but did not collect points or earn rewards. |
|
| Physical Activity Self-Efficacy Scale | Physical activity self-efficacy | baseline, week 12 and 6 months |
| Work absenteeism | Number of sick days from work | baseline, week 12 and 6 months |
| Exit questionnaire | Participant satisfaction with study involvement | week 12 |