Effects of Delayed Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Responses and Immune Function Competence in Critically Ill Patients With Prolonged Fasting

Effects of Delayed Enteral Nutrition on Inflammatory Responses and Immune Function Competence in Critically Ill Patients With Prolonged Fasting

Different studies suggest that early enteral nutrition (EEN) has benefits in reducing infectious complications, there is no data that addresses whether delayed enteral nutrition (EN) is detrimental and if it may have effects on inflammatory responses and immune function.

Inclusion Criteria:

• having a fasting time of more than 14 days
• American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) physical status ranging between 1 and 3, and their condition allows enteral nutrition therapy.

Exclusion Criteria:

• chronic renal failure (peritoneal or hemodialysis or creatinine > 2.5 mg/dl)
• history of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
• hepatic dysfunction or cirrhosis or a bilirubin value > 3 mg/dl
• metabolic diseases,severe anemia
• blood coagulation dysfunction
• pregnancy lactation
• history of psychiatric illness
• patients underwent immunosuppressive therapy