During sepsis and septic shock the immune response can be overwhelming leading to excessive tissue damage, organ failure and death. Ideally, the inflammatory response is modulated leading to both adequate protection to invading pathogens as well as limitation of an exuberant immune response. In the last years, experimental evidence has been accumulating that enteral administration of lipid-enriched nutrition attenuates inflammation and preserves organ integrity in several inflammatory models. The current study investigates the immune-modulating potential of enriched enteral nutrition in a human setting of experimental endotoxemia.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age ≥ 18 and ≤ 35 yrs
• Male
• Written informed consent
• non-smoking

Exclusion Criteria:

• Use of any medication (e.g. NSAID's, antibiotics, gastrointestinal motility altering medicine, corticosteroids)
• Smoking in the past year
• History, signs or symptoms of cardiovascular disease
• (Family; first degree) history of cerebrovascular disease
• Previous vagal collapse
• Hypertension (defined as RR systolic > 160 or RR diastolic > 90)
• Hypotension (defined as RR systolic < 100 or RR diastolic < 50)
• Renal impairment (defined as plasma creatinin >120 μmol/l)
• Liver enzyme abnormalities ( ASAT > 60 U/L, ALAT > 75 U/L, Gamma-GT > 60 U/L)
• Positive hepatitis serology
• Positive HIV test
• Allergy to milk and/or soy proteins