The Change of the Detrusor Thickness After Hypospadias Repair - Comparison With the Normal Control Group

Even successfully managed hypospadias without any complication, voiding problem could be developed due to the increased urethral resistance. The investigators are trying to analyze the effect of hypospadias operation on voiding function by checking the detrusor thickness and urinary nerve growth factor.

Inclusion Criteria:

<Group 1>

1. 6Mo-2Yr old penile hypospadias patients before operation <Group 2>
2. 6Mo-2Yr old male patients without hypospadias <Group 3>
3. penile hypospadias patients under the age of 5 Yr who got tubularized incised plate operation at out institution at the age between 6Mo and 2Yr old and more than 1 Yr have passed <Group 4>
4. 2Yr-5Yr old male patients without hypospadias1. 0-3 year old children without any abnormality of urinary tract

Exclusion Criteria:

<Group 1, 2, 4>

1. patients with history of urethral operation, febrile urinary tract infection, neurogenic abnormality om operation <Group 3>

1. patients with history of urethral operation other than hypospadias repair, febrile urinary tract infection, neurogenic abnormality
2. patients with development urethra-cutaneous fistula