The main objective of the study is to understand the pathophysiological mechanisms involved in switching from pre-diabetes to type 2 diabetes and to identify new biomarkers of type 2 diabetes risk in the population of patients with pre-diabetes.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Adult patients (≥18 years)
• Subjects with diabetes risk score ≥ 12 or with impaired fasting glucose: blood glucose ≥ 1.10 g/l and < 1 .26 g/L
• And with impaired fasting glucose : blood glucose ≥ 1.10 g/l and < 1 .26 g/L ; or blood glucose ≥ 1g/l and < 1,1 g/L WITH HbA1C ≥ 6,5%
• Signed informed consent
• Subjects affiliated with an appropriate social security system

Exclusion Criteria:

• Fasting glycemia ≥ 1.26 g/l
• Fasting glycemia ≤ 1.10 g/l AND HbA1C < 6,5%
• Fasting glycemia < 1 g/l
• Subjects previously treated with oral anti-diabetic: metformin, glitazones, inhibitors of α-glucosidase, sulfonylurea, repaglinide, inhibitors of DPP-IV.
• Subjects previously treated with insulin, except gestational diabetes
• Severe coagulation disorders
• Thrombocytopenia < 100 000/mm 3
• Severe psychiatric disorders
• Severe renal insufficiency (creatinine clearance < 30 ml/min)
• Severe hepatic insufficiency
• Alcohol abuse (> 30g/j)
• Contra-indication in the realization of the local anesthetic
• Subject unable to follow the study during the 5 years of follow-up
• Subject exclusion period in a previous study