HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. Least square (LS) means of change from baseline in HbA1c were calculated using a mixed-effects model for repeated measures (MMRM) with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline HbA1c, country, oral antihyperglycemic medication (OAM) , visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.

HbA1c is a form of hemoglobin that is measured primarily to identify the average plasma glucose concentration over prolonged periods of time. LS means of change from baseline in HbA1c were calculated using a MMRM with the change in HbA1c as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline HbA1c, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was as the random effect.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.

The percentage of participants was calculated by dividing the number of participants reaching target HbA1c by the total number of participants analyzed, multiplied by 100.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline. Missing endpoints were imputed with the last observation carried forward (LOCF) method.

LS means of change from baseline were calculated using MMRM with the change in FBG as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline value, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.

Participants were required to perform 7-point SMBG profiles on 2 separate, nonconsecutive days during the 2 weeks before randomization and Weeks 8, 14, 20, 26, 39, and 52 (or the Early Discontinuation Visit). SMBG measurements were taken using a plasma-equivalent blood glucose (BG) meter at 7 time points: morning pre-meal, morning 2 hours post-meal, mid-day pre-meal, mid-day 2 hours post-meal, evening pre-meal, evening 2 hours post-meal, and at bedtime. Mean and Week 26 and Week 52 was assessed in all treatment groups. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using MMRM with the change in 7-point SMBG as the dependent variable and treatment, baseline value, country, OAM, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects, and participant was the random effect.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.

The updated Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA2) was used to quantify steady state beta-cell function (%B). HOMA2-%B is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate %B as a percentage of a normal reference population. LS means were calculated using a homeostasis model assessment with change from baseline in HOMA-%B as a covariate and country, baseline measurement, OAM, and treatment as fixed effects.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline. Missing endpoints were imputed with the LOCF method. HOMA2 was not evaluated for insulin glargine, as the use of this model has not been validated in participants treated with insulin.

The HOMA2 was used to estimate the steady-state insulin sensitivity (%S). HOMA2-S is a computer model that uses fasting plasma insulin and glucose concentrations to estimate insulin sensitivity (%S) as a percentage of the normal reference population. LS means were calculated using an homeostasis model assessment with change from baseline in HOMA-%S as a covariate and country, baseline measurement, OAM, and treatment as fixed effects.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline. Missing endpoints were imputed with the LOCF method. HOMA2 was not evaluated for insulin glargine, as the use of this model has not been validated in participants treated with insulin.

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as documented symptomatic hypoglycemia, asymptomatic hypoglycemia, severe hypoglycemia, and probable symptomatic hypoglycemia. The 1-year adjusted rate of HEs was summarized cumulatively at 26 weeks and 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Hypoglycemic events (HE) were classified as severe (defined as episodes requiring the assistance of another person to actively administer resuscitative actions), documented symptomatic (defined as any time a participant felt that he/she was experiencing symptoms and/or signs associated with hypoglycemia, and had a plasma glucose level of less than or equal to 3.9 millimoles/liter [mmol/L]), asymptomatic (defined as events not accompanied by typical symptoms of hypoglycemia but with a measured plasma glucose of less than or equal to 3.9 mmol/L), nocturnal (defined as any hypoglycemic event that occurred between bedtime and waking), or probable symptomatic (defined as events during which symptoms of hypoglycemia were not accompanied by a plasma glucose determination). The number of self-reported hypoglycemic events was summarized cumulatively at 52 weeks. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Seated systolic blood pressure (SBP) and seated diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using a MMRM with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Seated pulse rate was measured. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using a MMRM with treatment, country, visit, and treatment-by-visit interaction as fixed effects and baseline as a covariate.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

The QT interval is a measure of the time between the start of the Q wave and the end of the T wave and was calculated from electrocardiogram (ECG) data using Fridericia's formula: QTc = QT/RR^0.33. Corrected QT (QTc) is the QT interval corrected for heart rate and RR, which is the interval between two R waves. PR is the interval between the P wave and the QRS complex.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Amylase (total and pancreas-derived) and lipase concentrations were measured

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug. Last observation carried forward (LOCF) was used to impute missing postbaseline values. If there were no data after the date of randomization, the endpoint was considered missing.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug. Only pre-rescue measurements were used. LOCF was used to impute missing postbaseline values. If there were no data after the date of randomization, the endpoint was considered missing.

Deaths and nonfatal cardiovascular adverse events were adjudicated by a committee of physicians with cardiology expertise external to the Sponsor. The nonfatal cardiovascular events subjected to adjudication included myocardial infarction, hospitalization for unstable angina, hospitalization for heart failure, coronary interventions (such as coronary artery bypass graft or percutaneous coronary intervention), and cerebrovascular events including cerebrovascular accident (stroke) and transient ischemic attack. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

The number of participants with pancreatitis confirmed by adjudication is summarized. Events of pancreatitis (including suspected pancreatitis and severe or serious abdominal pain) were adjudicated by a committee of expert physicians external to the Sponsor. A summary of serious and other non-serious adverse events regardless of causality is located in the Reported Adverse Events module.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Body mass index is an estimate of body fat based on body weight divided by height squared.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

Number of participants with treatment emergent (TE) dulaglutide anti-drug antibodies from postbaseline to follow up were summarized. A participant was considered to have TE dulaglutide ADA if the participant had at least one titer that was treatment-emergent relative to baseline, defined as a 4-fold or greater increase in titer from baseline measurement.

Participants in the safety population who were randomized and received at least one dose of study drug.

The EQ-5D questionnaire is a widely used, generic questionnaire that assesses health-related quality of life. It consists of 2 parts. The first part assesses 5 dimensions associated with quality of life (mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort, and anxiety/depression). Each dimension has 3 possible levels of response: no problem, some problem, and extreme problem. Additional categories of response include ambiguous and missing. The number of participants per each of the 3 response categories is summarized for each of the 5 dimensions.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.

The EQ-5D is a generic, multidimensional, health-related, quality-of-life instrument. Overall health state score was self-reported using a visual analogue scale (VAS) marked on a scale of 0 to 100 with 0 representing worst imaginable health state and 100 representing best imaginable health state. LS means of change from baseline were calculated using ANCOVA and adjusted by treatment, country, and baseline.

Participants who were randomized, received at least one dose of study drug, and had evaluable HbA1c data at both baseline and post-baseline.