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Examine the effect of three different dietary messages on dietary intake and the health of parents and their children.
The goal of this pilot study is to conduct a randomized controlled trial examining three dietary messages: increase fruits and vegetables [INCREASE], decrease energy-dense, non-nutrient dense snack foods [DECREASE], or increase fruits and vegetables plus decrease snack foods [INCREASE+DECREASE], within a 6-month, family-based obesity prevention intervention. Each condition will also focus on increasing family evening meals and physical activity. Primary hypotheses are: 1) INCREASE + DECREASE will consume a greater ratio of F&Vs:SFs than INCREASE and DECREASE at 6 months.
2)INCREASE + DECREASE will consume less energy than INCREASE and DECREASE at 6 months.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Decrease Condition | Experimental | In the Decrease Snack Foods condition participants will reduce intake of SFs (i.e., candy, cookies, cakes, ice cream, chips, nuts) to < 3 servings/week (for children aged 6 to 12 years, the solid fats and added sugar energy limit is 840 kcals/week and the DECREASE goal will help with meeting this limit). Children and parents will gradually work towards meeting these goals and self-monitor these behaviors. |
|
| Increase + Decrease Condition | Experimental | Families will be encouraged to increase fruits and vegetables and decrease snack foods. |
|
| Increase Condition | Experimental | A parent and child will be encouraged to increase fruits and vegetables. Children will be encouraged to consume 1 cup/day and 1.5 cups/day of whole fruit, and 1.5 cups/day and 2 cups/day of vegetables for children aged 6 to 8 years and 9 to 12 years, respectively. Children will gradually work towards these goals. Parents will also work towards F&V goals, with 2 cups/day of whole fruit and 2.5 cups/day of vegetables. |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Increase Fruits and Vegetables | Behavioral | Children will be encouraged to consume 1 cup/day and 1.5 cups/day of whole fruit, and 1.5 cups/day and 2 cups/day of vegetables for children aged 6 to 8 years and 9 to 12 years, respectively. Children will gradually work towards these goals. Parents will also work towards F&V goals, with 2 cups/day of whole fruit and 2.5 cups/day of vegetables. Both parent and child will self-monitor these behaviors. As one barrier to consuming F&Vs is perceived cost of these foods, information regarding lower-cost options for F&Vs will be included in the manual. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Dietary intake | Changes in F&Vs, SFs, energy density, overall energy, and percent energy from fat intake, will be assessed by a three-day food record (two weekdays, one weekend day). | baseline and 6 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Change in Anthropometrics | child and parent height, weight, BMI, and z-BMI | baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Parent Feeding Styles | Includes 7 topics: perceived responsibility, perceived parent weight, perceived child weight, concern about child weight, restriction, pressure to eat, and monitoring. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Hollie Raynor, PhD, RD | University of Tennessee | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| The University of Tennessee | Knoxville | Tennessee | 37996-1920 | United States | ||
| Healthy Eating and Activity Laboratory, University of Tennessee |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 19363514 | Background | Birch LL, Ventura AK. Preventing childhood obesity: what works? Int J Obes (Lond). 2009 Apr;33 Suppl 1:S74-81. doi: 10.1038/ijo.2009.22. | |
| 21041601 | Background | Ebbeling CB, Ludwig DS. Pediatric obesity prevention initiatives: more questions than answers. Arch Pediatr Adolesc Med. 2010 Nov;164(11):1067-9. doi: 10.1001/archpediatrics.2010.186. No abstract available. |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009765 | Obesity |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D050177 | Overweight |
| D044343 | Overnutrition |
| D009748 | Nutrition Disorders |
| D009750 | Nutritional and Metabolic Diseases |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D014675 | Vegetables |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D005502 | Food |
| D000066888 | Diet, Food, and Nutrition |
| D010829 | Physiological Phenomena |
| D019602 | Food and Beverages |
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|
| Decrease Snack Foods | Behavioral | This condition will reduce intake of SFs (i.e., candy, cookies, cakes, ice cream, chips, nuts) to < 3 servings/week (for children aged 6 to 12 years, the solid fats and added sugar energy limit is 840 kcals/week and the DECREASE goal will help with meeting this limit). Children and parents will gradually work towards meeting these goals and self-monitor these behaviors. |
|
| Increase Fruits and Vegetables and Decrease Snack Foods | Behavioral | Will combine the goals of the increase and decrease conditions. |
|
| baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Parenting Styles | Assesses practices associated with different parenting styles | baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Eating Pathology | Kids eating disorder survey and eating in the absence of hunger survey | baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Physical Activity | Previous day physical activity recall- looks at 2 weekdays and 1 weekend day. For parents and children to complete | baseline and 6 months |
| Change in Obesogenic Home Food Availability | self-report on foods that are available in the home. | baseline and 6 months |
| Knoxville |
| Tennessee |
| 37996 |
| United States |
| 18055653 | Background | Davis MM, Gance-Cleveland B, Hassink S, Johnson R, Paradis G, Resnicow K. Recommendations for prevention of childhood obesity. Pediatrics. 2007 Dec;120 Suppl 4:S229-53. doi: 10.1542/peds.2007-2329E. |
| 20402200 | Background | Cohen DA, Sturm R, Scott M, Farley TA, Bluthenthal R. Not enough fruit and vegetables or too many cookies, candies, salty snacks, and soft drinks? Public Health Rep. 2010 Jan-Feb;125(1):88-95. doi: 10.1177/003335491012500112. |
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| D001835 |
| Body Weight |
| D012816 | Signs and Symptoms |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |