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The investigators hypothesized that very lenient rate control is not inferior to strict or lenient rate control assessed by implantable continuous ECG monitor for preventing cardiovascular hospitalization and mortality in patients with long-standing persistent or permanent atrial fibrillation
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Group 2 (Lenient control <120bpm) | Active Comparator |
| |
| Group 1 (Strict control <80 bpm) | Active Comparator |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| implantable continuous monitor | Device | The Reveal XT was implanted in the parasternal area of the chest. The requirement for defining the exact final position was an R-wave amplitude ≥0.4 mV assessed through the Vector Check. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Hospitalization for all cardio-vascular events | 12 months |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| All-cause death | 12 months | |
| stroke | 12 months | |
| life-threatening arrhythmic and drugs adverse events |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Evgeny A Pokushalov, MD, PhD | State Research Institute of Circulation Pathology | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| State Research Institute of CIrculation Pathology Novosibirsk, Russian Federation | Recruiting | Novosibirsk | 630055 | Russia |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001281 | Atrial Fibrillation |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D001145 | Arrhythmias, Cardiac |
| D006331 | Heart Diseases |
| D002318 | Cardiovascular Diseases |
| D010335 | Pathologic Processes |
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|
| 12 months |
| D013568 |
| Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |