A Study for Absorption of Intranasal Epinephrine Compared to Conventional Intramuscular Epinephrine

Comparison of Absorption of Epinephrine Into the Circulation After Epinephrine Intranasal Spray Administration and After Intramuscular Injection

This study is a preliminary report of pharmacokinetic data of epinephrine administered via intranasal route (IN) comparing with intramuscular (IM) route in healthy adult volunteers.

Patients are reluctant to use Epipen® on emergency basis, perhaps because of improperly training, hesitancy and fear of needle. Other route of administration of epinephrine (EPI) may be more benefit such as intranasal route.

Inclusion Criteria:

1. Healthy subjects
2. 18-30 years-old

Exclusion Criteria:

1. Pregnancy
2. Subjected who use current medication that interfere with result of plasma epinephrine level such as pseudoephedrine