Importance of Meal Fat Content and Gall Bladder Emptying for Postprandial GLP-1 Secretion in Type 2 Diabetes Patients

PURPOSE

The goal of the present project is to unravel the importance of bile acid-induced GLP-1 secretion (via the G protein-coupled receptor TGR5) in human physiology.

In the present study the investigators examine the GLP-1 secretion in healthy subjects and in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients. The investigators hypothesize that patients with T2DM of relatively long duration will be characterized by reduced gall bladder emptying, and, consequently, reduced intestinal TGR5 activation; resulting in attenuated postprandial GLP-1 responses (primary endpoint).

Inclusion Criteria: (Healthy)

• HbA1 < 6 %
• Normal haemoglobin levels
• Informed content

Inclusion Criteria: (T2DM)

• T2DM > 5 years
• Normal haemoglobin levels
• Informed content

Exclusion Criteria: (T2DM)

• Treatment with insulin, DPP-IV inhibitor or GLP-1 analogues
• Obesity (BMI > 30)
• Age > 70 years
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Nephropathy
• Liver disease
• Medication which cannot be on hold for 12h
• Gastrointestinal surgery

Exclusion Criteria: (Healthy)

• 1st degree relatives with diabetes
• Obesity (BMI > 30)
• Age > 70 years
• Gastrointestinal disease
• Nephropathy
• Liver disease
• Medication which cannot be on hold for 12h
• Gastrointestinal surgery