The aim of this study is to compare subjective and objective outcome and surgical "side effects" of Nissen and Toupet fundoplication performed in a single institution by only two surgeons and to compare pre and postoperative findings to healthy individuals.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Clinical diagnosis of gastroesophageal reflux disease
• Long history of GERD symptoms
• Persistent or recurrent symptoms despite optimal medical treatment
• Persistent or recurrent complications of GERD
• Reduced quality of life owing to increasing esophageal exposure to gastric juice
• Pathological values in the preoperative evaluated functional parameters

Exclusion Criteria:

• Previous esophageal or gastric surgery
• Poor physical status (American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) scores III and IV)
• Pregnancy