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This study is being done to study the healthful benefits of eating garlic. Previous studies suggest that garlic may help prevent cancer. The investigators are recruiting healthy volunteers to participate in a study to determine the ways in which eating garlic may reduce cancer risk.
A crossover design will be utilized with each participant completing each treatment phase; participants will be randomly assigned to a sequence of dietary treatments. There will be a 17-day washout period in between diet periods. Participants will consume a garlic-free diet for the first 10 days of each diet period. The dietary treatments will be administered on day 11 of each diet period. Dietary treatments will be incorporated into food as follows: 1) 5 g (0.175 oz.) of garlic mixed with 15 g margarine on top of 270 kcal white bread, served as breakfast, or 2) 15 g margarine on top of 270 kcal white bread, served as breakfast.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Other | 270 kcal White bread with 15 g margarine |
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| Garlic Treatment | Other | 270 kcal white bread with 15 g margarine and 5 g crushed garlic |
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| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Other | Subjects will consume a garlic-free diet for 10 days. On day 11, subjects will consume 270 kcal white bread with 15 g margarine. |
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| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Garlic metabolites | Garlic metabolites will be measured in blood and urine. | Day 11 of each treatment period -- before and 3 hours after treatment |
| Markers of gene expression | Lymphocyte microarray analysis, lymphocyte DNA genotyping. Microarray results will be confirmed by RT-PCR. | Day 11 of each treatment period -- before and 3 hours after treatment |
| DNA damage | Comet assay, 8-oxo-dG, histone analysis | Day 11 of each treatment period -- before and 3 hours after treatment |
| Oxidative stress | Serum nitrate/nitrite, malondyaldehyde, glutathione, glutathione reductase, glutathione S-transferase, catalase, protein carbonyls, F2-isoprostanes. | Day 11 of each treatment period -- before and 3 hours after treatment |
| Biomarkers of inflammation | C-reactive protein (CRP), vascular endothelial growth factor, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α. | Day 11 of each treatment period -- before and 3 hours after treatment |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| USDA Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center | Beltsville | Maryland | 20705 | United States |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 26423732 | Derived | Charron CS, Dawson HD, Albaugh GP, Solverson PM, Vinyard BT, Solano-Aguilar GI, Molokin A, Novotny JA. A Single Meal Containing Raw, Crushed Garlic Influences Expression of Immunity- and Cancer-Related Genes in Whole Blood of Humans. J Nutr. 2015 Nov;145(11):2448-55. doi: 10.3945/jn.115.215392. Epub 2015 Sep 30. |
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| Garlic treatment | Other | Subjects will consume a garlic-free diet for 10 days. On day 11, subjects will consume 270 kcal white bread with 15 g margarine and 5 g crushed garlic. |
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