Reference Values for Pulse Induced Continuous Cardiac Output (PiCCO) Variables in Children

Reference Values for Cardiac Output and Blood Volume Variables in Children With Normal Cardiac Function Measured Under General Anesthesia.

Pulse induced continuous cardiac output (PiCCO) is an established technology for measurement of advanced hemodynamic variables in critically ill patients. PiCCO is approved and designed also for use in children, but there is a lack of documentation of reference values in children not suffering from a critical illness. The goal of this study is to establish such values.

Inclusion Criteria:

• Age < 15 years
• Scheduled for major neurosurgery in general anesthesia

Exclusion Criteria:

• Cardiac disease
• Infection / sepsis