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| Name | Class |
|---|---|
| MIET Africa | UNKNOWN |
| KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education | UNKNOWN |
| Embassy of the Kingdom of the Netherlands (EKN) | UNKNOWN |
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The purpose of this study is to assess the impact of a cash-incentivised prevention intervention on reducing HIV incidence rates in high-school learners in rural KwaZulu-Natal.
The impact of the cash incentivised intervention will be assessed using a matched pair, cluster randomised controlled trial design. The 14 selected high schools in the Vulindlela School Circuit will be matched in pairs. The matched pairs of schools will be the unit of randomisation. Baseline measurements, using a standardised tool (structured questionnaire and biological specimens) will be undertaken simultaneously in each matched pair and will include all eligibly enrolled and consenting learners in the respective schools. On completion of baseline measurements in each matched pair of schools, the randomisation code for the pair will be revealed and the intervention will be implemented in the intervention school. All schools will receive the same prevention intervention but only the intervention school will receive the cash incentives. Follow-up measurements will be undertaken approximately 12 and 24 months after implementation of the intervention using a similar standardised assessment tool to that used at baseline. At baseline and during follow-up assessments in intervention and control schools, linked HIV and substance use testing will be undertaken in all learners and pregnancy testing in female learners. Other secondary endpoints will be assessed using a structured questionnaire.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| Control | Active Comparator | All eligibly enrolled learners in the intervention schools will receive a prevention program delivered by MIET Africa and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education. No cash incentives will be paid for meeting milestones |
|
| Cash incentive | Experimental | All eligibly enrolled learners in the intervention schools will receive a cash incentivised prevention program delivered by MIET Africa and the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Education |
|
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cash incentives | Behavioral | Cash incentives paid to learners for reaching pre-determined milestones |
|
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| HIV-incidence rates | To evaluate the efficacy of a cash-incentivised prevention intervention in reducing HIV-incidence rates in high-school learners | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Academic performance measured as an overall passing grade (50%) | To support learners improving academic performance, attend school, complete schooling and improve their self-esteem, learners will be incentivised to pass their June and November examinations, with a minimum of a 50% average. Educators from the selected schools will design, administer and mark the June and November examination papers. |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Learners must meet all of the following criteria at enrolment in order to be eligible for inclusion in the study:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Quarraisha Abdool Karim, PhD | Associate Scientific Director | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Vulindlela Clinical Research Site | Durban | KwaZulu-Natal | South Africa |
| PubMed Identifier | Type | Citation | Retractions |
|---|---|---|---|
| 16135907 | Background | Pettifor AE, Rees HV, Kleinschmidt I, Steffenson AE, MacPhail C, Hlongwa-Madikizela L, Vermaak K, Padian NS. Young people's sexual health in South Africa: HIV prevalence and sexual behaviors from a nationally representative household survey. AIDS. 2005 Sep 23;19(14):1525-34. doi: 10.1097/01.aids.0000183129.16830.06. | |
| 18558031 |
| Label | URL |
|---|---|
| CAPRISA website | View source |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D015658 | HIV Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D000086982 | Blood-Borne Infections |
| D003141 | Communicable Diseases |
| D007239 | Infections |
| D015229 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases, Viral |
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| Life skills curriculum | Behavioral | Standard department of education lifeskills curriculum |
|
| 6 monthly |
| voluntary uptake of HIV testing | Learners must provide the receipt from the clinic that specifies that the learner was tested for HIV. | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Substance use patterns | Urine specimens will be utilised for testing for the presence of recreational drugs. | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Pregnancy rates in female learners | A dipstick pregnancy test will be performed on the urine sample of all female learners at baseline and at the two annual follow-up visits. | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Contraceptive use patterns in female learners | Annual behavioural questionnaires will monitor self-reported contraceptive use. | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Participation in extra-curricular activities | Attendance and participation in a life skills/sustainable livelihoods programme will be assessed. Self-reported participation in extra-curricular activities will be assessed in annual behavioural questionnaires. | annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| HIV risk reduction behaviour | The following will be assessed through a self-reported questionnaire: condom use; primary and/or secondary sexual abstinence rates; sexually transmitted disease rates intergenerational sexual coupling (age of sexual partner(s)) age of sexual debut; frequency of HIV testing; number of concurrent sex partners; frequency of partner change; medical male circumcision rates; anal sex rates | Annually, after every 12 months of follow up |
| Fernald LC, Hou X, Gertler PJ. Oportunidades program participation and body mass index, blood pressure, and self-reported health in Mexican adults. Prev Chronic Dis. 2008 Jul;5(3):A81. Epub 2008 Jun 15. |
| 12031070 | Background | Hargreaves JR, Glynn JR. Educational attainment and HIV-1 infection in developing countries: a systematic review. Trop Med Int Health. 2002 Jun;7(6):489-98. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-3156.2002.00889.x. |
| 32747693 | Derived | Ayton SG, Pavlicova M, Abdool Karim Q. Identification of adolescent girls and young women for targeted HIV prevention: a new risk scoring tool in KwaZulu Natal, South Africa. Sci Rep. 2020 Aug 3;10(1):13017. doi: 10.1038/s41598-020-69842-x. |
| D012749 | Sexually Transmitted Diseases |
| D016180 | Lentivirus Infections |
| D012192 | Retroviridae Infections |
| D012327 | RNA Virus Infections |
| D014777 | Virus Diseases |
| D000091662 | Genital Diseases |
| D000091642 | Urogenital Diseases |
| D007153 | Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes |
| D007154 | Immune System Diseases |