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The purpose of this study to investigate attitude, oral health literacy and psychological factors in order to evaluate if these factors are important for oral health in adults.
The hypotheses are:
This study will be conducted in two stages. The first stage includes a baseline cross-sectional investigation. Oral health literacy level will be assessed by conducting a structured interview. Background variables, attitude, socioeconomic factors and psychological factors shall be assessed using self-administered questionnaires. A clinical examination will be conducted including general health information and extended oral health examination. The oral health examination performed includes record of oral hygiene status such as dental caries and periodontal status. An assessment of oral bacteria will also be performed.
The second stage will be carried out approximately 6 months after starting with the baseline investigation. At that time a modified version of the questionnaires will be used followed by a shorter clinical examination. The modified questionnaires at the second data collection exclude some background variables. The clinical examination carried out during this time will be on dental plaque and bleeding index and the level of oral bacteria.
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| Label | Type | Description | Intervention Names |
|---|---|---|---|
| intervention group | Experimental | Tailored oral health literacy instruction |
|
| control group | No Intervention | Oral health instruction not tailored to oral health literacy level |
| Name | Type | Description | Arm Group Labels | Other Names |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Tailored oral health literacy instruction | Behavioral | The intervention includes oral hygiene instruction tailored to the level of oral health literacy, and will include information about the outcome of the clinical examination. Providing relevant information to the participant will be in focus, and there will be given a personalized demonstration as well as guidance on how to conduct proper oral hygiene practices at home. The aim of the intervention is to improve oral hygiene and attitudes towards dental care by taking the literacy level of the participant into consideration. |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Gingival Index | The gingival index of the individual was obtained by adding the values of each tooth (an average of 4 scores) and dividing by number of teeth examined with the resulting scores as follows 0.1-1.0 = mild inflammation; 1.1-2.0 = moderate inflammation; 2.1-3.0 = severe inflammation. The GI reference is Löe and Silness, 1963. | 6 months after intervention |
| Measure | Description | Time Frame |
|---|---|---|
| Plaque Index | The plaque index of the individual was obtained by adding the values of each tooth (an average of 4 scores) and dividing by number of teeth examined with the resulting scores as follows 0.1-1.0 = low accumulation of plaque; 1.1-2.0 = Moderate accumulation of plaque; 2.1-3.0 = high accumulation of plaque. The Plaque index reference is Silness and Löe, 1964. | 6 months after intervention |
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Inclusion Criteria:
Exclusion Criteria:
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| Name | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Jan O Bergdahl, Professor | University of Tromsoe, Norway | Principal Investigator |
| Facility | Status | City | State | ZIP | Country | Contacts |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Institute of Clinical Dentistry, University of Tromsø | Tromsø | N-9037 | Norway | |||
| Public Dental Service Competence Centre of Northern Norway (TkNN) |
Enrolled participants:
Total excluded n=46
Participants were recruited from the waiting list at Tromsø University Dental Clinic. The recruitment started in May 2010 after approval from the regional ethical committee. Information letter with consent form was provided.
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| FG000 | Experiment: Communication Adapted to Health Literacy Level | Participants in the experimental group got individualized communication regarding their oral health. The communication was adapted to the measured Health Literacy level of each participant. Health Literacy communication theory was utilized in order to adapt the communication to the participants Health literacy level. Two-way communication with use of models, illustrative pictures and teach-back method was emphasized. Up to 30 minutes was available for this intervention conversation. |
| FG001 | Control: Short Standard Information | Participants in the control group got short standard information after the clinical measurement, as usual in general dental clinical practice. E.g. If there was gingival bleeding, participants got a message that their gums were bleeding and that dental floss was recommended. |
| Title | Milestones | Reasons Not Completed | ||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Overall Study |
|
|
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| ID | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|
| BG000 | Individualized Oral Health Instruction | Individualized oral health instruction adapted to the patients oral health literacy level |
| BG001 | Ordinary Oral Health Instruction | Oral health instruction commonly used in general practice |
| Units | Counts |
|---|---|
| Participants |
|
| Title | Description | Population Description | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Denominator Units Selected | Denominators | Classes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age, Categorical | Count of Participants |
| Type | Title | Description | Population Description | Reporting Status | Anticipated Posting Date | Parameter Type | Dispersion Type | Unit of Measure | Calculate Percentage | Time Frame | Units Analyzed | Denominator Units Selected | Arm/Group Information | Denominators | Classes | Analyses | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Primary | Gingival Index | The gingival index of the individual was obtained by adding the values of each tooth (an average of 4 scores) and dividing by number of teeth examined with the resulting scores as follows 0.1-1.0 = mild inflammation; 1.1-2.0 = moderate inflammation; 2.1-3.0 = severe inflammation. The GI reference is Löe and Silness, 1963. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after intervention |
|
6 months
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| ID | Title | Description | Deaths (Affected) | Deaths (At Risk) | Serious Events (Affected) | Serious Events (At Risk) | Other Events (Affected) | Other Events (At Risk) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| EG000 | Individualized Oral Health Instruction | The oral health instruction is individualized according to the patients oral health literacy level |
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| Title | Organization | Phone | Extension | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Professor Jan Bergdahl | University of Tromsø | +4777649122 | jan.bergdahl@uit.no |
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| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D010510 | Periodontal Diseases |
| D003773 | Dental Plaque |
| D003728 | Dental Calculus |
| D012798 | Sialorrhea |
| D013290 | Streptococcal Infections |
| ID | Term |
|---|---|
| D009059 | Mouth Diseases |
| D009057 | Stomatognathic Diseases |
| D003741 | Dental Deposits |
| D014076 | Tooth Diseases |
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|
|
| Tromsø |
| N-9037 |
| Norway |
| BG002 | Total | Total of all reporting groups |
| Participants |
|
| Age, Continuous | Mean | Standard Deviation | years |
|
| Sex: Female, Male | Count of Participants | Participants |
|
| Region of Enrollment | Number | participants |
|
| health literacy level | Number | paticipants |
|
|
|
| Secondary | Plaque Index | The plaque index of the individual was obtained by adding the values of each tooth (an average of 4 scores) and dividing by number of teeth examined with the resulting scores as follows 0.1-1.0 = low accumulation of plaque; 1.1-2.0 = Moderate accumulation of plaque; 2.1-3.0 = high accumulation of plaque. The Plaque index reference is Silness and Löe, 1964. | Posted | Mean | Standard Deviation | units on a scale | 6 months after intervention |
|
|
|
| 0 |
| 64 |
| 0 |
| 64 |
| EG001 | Control | The oral health instruction is according to standard clinical practice | 0 | 69 | 0 | 69 |
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| D002137 |
| Calculi |
| D020763 | Pathological Conditions, Anatomical |
| D013568 | Pathological Conditions, Signs and Symptoms |
| D012466 | Salivary Gland Diseases |
| D016908 | Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections |
| D001424 | Bacterial Infections |
| D001423 | Bacterial Infections and Mycoses |
| D007239 | Infections |