A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to test the effectiveness of providing a single 1-dose therapy of antibiotic prophylaxis versus a 5-day antibiotic therapy in patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis.

Introduction: For patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis, it is common to provide antibiotics during 5-7 days in order to reduce the incidence of infection of the surgical wound; however the benefit of such treatment has not been tested. A prospective, randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted at the Hospital Universitario de Santander to test the effectiveness of providing a single 1-dose therapy of antibiotic prophylaxis versus a 5-day antibiotic therapy in patients with acute gangrenous appendicitis.

Materials and Methods: From December 2007 to November 2009, 799 patients went through surgery after being diagnosed with acute appendicitis. Out of this set, 150 patients diagnosed with acute gangrenous appendicitis, were randomly assigned to one of two groups: control group (group A: 72 patients received a 5-day antibiotic therapy), and treatment group (group B: 78 patients received a single 1-dose of antibiotic prophylaxis). The experimental outcomes included: the incidence of infection of the surgical wound, the length of the hospital stay, and the adverse effects derived from a prolonged use of antibiotics.

Inclusion Criteria:

• patients with diagnosis of acute appendicitis with intraoperative finding of a gangrenous appendix who accepted to enter the study

Exclusion Criteria:

• patients under 12 or older 65 years old
• Patients with possible immunosuppression such as diabetes, cancer, kidney failure, liver failure
• Pregnancy
• Patients who have received antibiotic treatment within seven days before surgery
• Patients difficult to monitor or follow up